1. Chapter 1: Inquiry

2. What is science? Science is the study of the natural world!
Write the RED
Science is the study of the natural world!
In Society:
Process to investigate what is going on around you.
As a Tool:
Used to give numbers to descriptions.
Ex. thermometer, barometer, electrograph, microscope
Daily Use:
Scientists use clues, like detectives.
Communication:
Scientific journals
Experimental Research Design:
Hypothesis
Test variable & outcome variable
Control and constants.

3. Science is the Study of the Natural World.
What is Science?
Science is the Study of the Natural World. 2
1. ____ Anatomy A. The study of managing forests and plantations.
2. ____ Archaeology B. The study of the Earth’s oceans.
3. ____ Astronomy C. The study of climates, phenomena, and causes.
4. ____ Bacteriology D. The study of the atmosphere and the weather.
5. ____ Biology E. The study of the remains of cultures.
6. ____ Botany F. The study of insects
7. ____ Chemistry G. The study of animals.
8. ____ Climatology H. The study of celestial objects (stars) in the universe.
9. ____ Entomology I. The study of the Earth, and its structure.
10.____ Forestry J. The study of bacteria, in relation to disease.
11.____ Genetics K. The study of the body’s nervous system.
12.____ Geology L. The study of matter, and matter and energy.
13.____ Meteorology M. The study of viruses, prokaryotes, and eukaryotes.
14.____ Microbiology N. The study of plants and their benefits for humans.
15.____ Neurology O. The study of earthquakes.
16.____ Oceanography P. The study of the structure of living things.
17.____ Seismology Q. The study of genes and heredity.
18.____ Zoology R. The study of living things.
19.____ Ecology S. The study of organisms interacting with the habitat.
20.____ Ornithology T. The study of birds.

4. Get out Vocab NOS, define pseudoscience
2. What skills do scientists use?
Science, Non-science or Pseudoscience?
Looking for patterns!
Observing, Grouping, Classifying, Testing
Hypothesis vs. Prediction:
Hypo is an educated guess; assumes background knowledge. Must explain why or how.
Prediction is simply a random guess
Models are used to study things too large or too small, ex: globes, cell models, etc..
Get out Vocab NOS, define pseudoscience

5. 3. Observations OBSERVATIONS
How we look at things in science, made by using senses
Tools increase accuracy & precision
Ex. Thermometer, ruler, microscope, etc…
Outcome variables are collected in data tables
FACTS not opinions!!
2 TYPES
Qualitative (surveys, simulations)
Hard to measure.
Describes the qualities of something
Color, taste, sound, emotions, etc…
Quantitative
Can be expressed in numbers
Can be counted or measured
Amount, temperature, mass, length, density, etc...
Allows use to communicate specifics
Tools are used to collect data

6. 4. inferences INFERENCES
Drawing a conclusion based on data and observations!
The process of drawing a conclusion from given evidence
Practice:
OBSERVATIONS
I hear people screaming.
I smell cotton candy, popcorn and hamburgers.
I see a lot of people.
INFERENCES = ?
BIAS = ?
Personal
Cultural
Experimental

7. Observation or Inference
Let’s Practice….
Look at the picture & decide if the statement is an
Observation or Inference
Pencils down 

8. The narrow windows were used as rifle slits.

9. There was a garden located outside the Citadel.

10. Gardens were an important part of everyday life during the military years on Alcatraz Island.
Inference

11. People in the garden are in mourning.
Inference

12. Men were required to wear jackets and women were required to wear dresses

13. The citadel was made of brick.
Observation

14. There is a picket fence.

15. People used to spend more time outside.
Inference

16. There are eight people in the photograph.

17. The garden provided food for the families living on Alcatraz.

18. There were no cannons on Alcatraz..

19. Look at these two sets of animal tracks.
Mystery Footprints!
Look at these two sets of animal tracks.
List 3 OBSERVATIONS
Make an INFERENCE

20. Now what do you think?
Make 3 OBSERVATIONS
Make an INFERENCE

21. Now what do you think?
Make 3 OBSERVATIONS
Make an INFERENCE

22. When to use observation & inference…
During experiments, record observations NOT inferences
Inferences may be used when writing the conclusion in your lab report.

23. 5. What are variables? What changes during experiments
INDEPENDENT VARIABLE (IV) aka TEST
What is tested or changed by the scientist
Found on the x-axis
DEPENDENT VARIABLE (DV) aka OUTCOME
What is observed or measured
The effect caused by the IV
Found on the y-axis
The data!!!
Also known as responding variables
THE CONTROL (C)
Something already known!
The standard to which results are compared to
Allows for a fair and reliable experiment
CONSTANTS
Things that could change but don’t
Kept the same for ALL parts of the experiment

24. 3 TYPES OF GRAPHS
Line Graph: shows the relationship between 2 variables
Pie Graph: shows distribution of parts within a whole quantity, percentages
Bar Graph: shows information collected by counting
6. Graphs

25. 7. Science Branches
3 Branches of Science
Life
Earth
Physical

26. Conservation of Energy
Science Process
Review the difference between scientific and societal laws. Discuss how a scientific theory is different from other theories. 14
TO3
Theory :
A general belief based on one’s thoughts and ideas, with no real proof or scientific data to back it up.
Scientific Theory :
An explanation of the natural world based on research and experimentation, that can change over time as new evidence is uncovered. (a Theory can change into a Law)
Societal Law:
A rule or common agreement in society as to what is allowed, and what is not.
Scientific Law :
An explanation of the nature based on facts and experimentation that can be shown and proven, thus accepted as undeniable truth, hence it’s a LAW. (laws won’t change with new evidence)
1. ___ atom
7. ___ motion
2. ___ big bang
8. ___ planetary motion
3. ___ chaos
4. ___ conservation of energy
9. ___ plate tectonics
___ evolution
10.___ thermodynamics
___ gravity
Atom
Big Bang
Chaos
Conservation of Energy
Evolution
Fluid Dynamics
Gravity
Motion
Planetary Motion
Plate Tectonics
Relativity
Thermodynamics
A. Scientific Theory
B. Scientific Law ?

27. 8. Changes in science
Science is ALWAYS changing. New evidence or interpretations are always encountered.
The Scientific Method
A blueprint for experiment success
A simple method scientists use to conduct an investigation
Question/Problem
Hypothesis
Experiment
Results
Conclusion
**Not necessarily done in order OR
Completely anymore**

28. Scientific Method in Action with Mythbusters
NEW: bullets fired up

29. MYTHBUSTERS “BulletS Fired up” 23
TO1
A. What was their Hypothesis -or- Problem?
__________________________________________________________
B. What was their Goal? (try to make ____, do ____)
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
C. What was your prediction of what would happen?
______________________________________________________________________________________________
D. How many different tests did they perform? ___
Describe one in detail, as to what happened…
__________________________________________________________
E. List some items/tools they used to collect their data.
F. What was the Mythbusters’ final conclusion? (be specific)
__________________________________________________________
G. So, was your prediction supported or rejected?
________________

30. How to set up your graph! Get a piece of graph paper
Get graph paper, draw a border around 6 vertical and 7 horizontal squares

31. How to set up your graph!
Y Axis
(This is for your dependent variable)

32. How to set up your graph! X Axis
(This is for your independent variable)

33. TAILS
Teachers’s Favorite Singer
T - Title

34. TAILS T - Title A - Axis Teachers’s Favorite Singer
Y Axis = Dependent Variable
X Axis = Independent Variable

35. TAILS T - Title A – Axis S – Scale
Teachers’s Favorite Singer
Decide on an appropriate scale for each axis.
Choose a scale that lets you make the graph as large as possible for your paper and data
T - Title
A – Axis
S – Scale

36. How to determine scale
Favorite Singer
Number of Teachers
Toby Keith 22
Madonna 15
Elvis 11
Sting 5
Sinatra 2
Scale is determined by your highest & lowest number.
In this case your scale would be from 2 – 22.

37. How to determine Intervals
Favorite Singer
Number of Teachers
Toby Keith 22
Madonna 15
Elvis 11
Sting 5
Sinatra 2
The interval is decided by your scale.
In this case your scale would be from 2 – 22 and you want the scale to fit the graph.
The best interval would be to go by 5’s.

38. TAILS T – Title A – Axis I – Interval S – Scale
Teachers’s Favorite Singer
The amount of space between one number and the next or one type of data and the next on the graph.
The interval is just as important as the scale
Choose an interval that lets you make the graph as large as possible for your paper and data
T – Title
A – Axis
I – Interval
S – Scale

39. TAILS T – Title A – Axis I – Interval S – Scale
Teachers’s Favorite Singer
T – Title
A – Axis
I – Interval
S – Scale 25 20 15 10 5

40. TAILS T – Title A – Axis I – Interval L – Labels S – Scale
Teachers’s Favorite Singer
T – Title
A – Axis
I – Interval
L – Labels
S – Scale 25 20 15
Number of Teachers 10 5
LABEL your bars or data points
Toby Keith
Madonna
Elvis
Sting
Sinatra
Singers
Label your Y Axis. What do those numbers mean?
Give the bars a general label. What do those words mean?

41. References
ference-isn.ppt
Observation_worksheet.pdf