1. At least for a little while
A Return to Peace
At least for a little while

2. “I wished to found a European system, a European Code of Laws, a European judiciary; there would be but one people in Europe.”
Napoleon Bonarparte
How do you think Napoleon’s vision of a unified Europe was viewed by other Europeans?

3. Europe after the fall of Napoleon
Napoleonic Wars had ended
Nationalism had grown throughout Europe
Monarchies were restored according to the principle of legitimacy
There was relative peace and stability, although political freedoms were reduced
The great powers rearranged territories to create a balance of power
The philosophy of conservatism prevailed

4. Congress of Vienna
After the fall of Napoleon, representatives of the victorious powers met at the Congress of Vienna, intent on restoring the old European order.
Led by Prince Klemens von Metternich of Austria, they wanted to assert a principle of legitimacy by restoring the royal families who had ruled before Napoleon.

5. Balance of Power
The representatives at the Congress of Vienna redrew territorial boundaries to create a balance of power in Europe, so that no country would again be able to dominate the others.
Metternich and many other leaders believed in the philosophy of conservatism.

6. Conservatism
a political philosophy based on tradition and social stability, favoring obedience to political authority and organized religion
Ex. The powers assembled at the Congress of Vienna favored restoring the rule of royal families that Napoleon had removed from power.

7. Principle of Intervention
The great powers, except for Britain, adopted a "principle of intervention," asserting their right to use military force to oppose revolutions and restore what they considered to be legitimate monarchs in countries where governments had been overthrown.

8. Liberalism
a political philosophy based on the idea that people should be as free as possible from government restraint and basic rights should be protected
Ex. In the U.S., the Bill of Rights was created to ensure people’s freedoms.

9. Nationalism
the unique cultural identity of a people, based on a common language, religion, and culture; a belief that people should have a government based on that common identity
Ex. The Hungarians wanted the right to establish their own government rather than be ruled by the Austrian emperor.