1. BIOMOLECULES
Overview

2. Four Groups of Organic Compounds That Make Up Living Things
Nucleic Acids
Lipids
Carbohydrates
Proteins

3. Nucleic Acids (NA)
Large, complex molecules that contain H, O, C, N, and P; they are deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA)
Function in storing and passing on genetic information
Composed of nucleotides
Nucleotides are made of a phosphate group,
a nitrogenous base,
and a 5 carbon monosaccharide, either deoxyribose or ribose

4. Lipids Include fats, oils, phospholipids and steroids
Insoluble in water
Composed of C, H, and O
Functions include:
Provide long-term energy storage
Act as insulators
Important in cell membranes
Act as hormones

5. Lipids (cont.) Structure: Fats: a glycerol and 3 fatty acids
Phospholipids: a glycerol, a phosphate group and 2 fatty acids
Steroids: three hexagonal rings bonded to a pentagonal ring

6. Carbohydrates Includes sugars, starches, and cellulose
Function to store energy and to provide shape to organisms
Composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen

7. Proteins Made up of C, H, O, and N Have several functions including:
Movement (muscles)
Structure (collagen)
Regulation (enzymes)
Transport (hemoglobin)
Nutrition
Defense (antibodies)

8. Proteins (cont.)
Structure is a complex molecule composed of 20 different, smaller molecules called amino acids
The amino acids are bound to each other by a peptide bond.