1. Human Resource Management
What is it all about?

2. Motivation theories Here are the ‘answers’ 1 Workforce planning
3 Recruitment Process
4 Training
Employee Relations
Appraisal
7 Legislation affecting the workplace

3. 2 – Motivation (what makes people work)
Write down 3 reasons why people work

4. 2 – Motivation (what makes people work)
Look for an Internet story about how organisations motivate their staff

5. Why is it important for a business to be aware of this?
2 – Motivation (what makes people work)
Money
Security
Job Satisfaction
To make friends
To make progress
To make use of talents
Why is it important for a business to be aware of this?

6. 2 – Motivation Better quality of customer service
Question!
A motivated workforce can lead to …..?
Better quality of customer service
Better relationships between staff
Improved time-keeping
Reduced absenteeism
Reduced labour turnover
Increased workrate

7. 2 – Motivation theories (a) Hierarchy of Needs Survival Needs
Higher
Survival Needs
Food, shelter
Security Needs
protection from danger
Social Acceptance
Affection, trust, accepted
Self esteem Needs
respect of others, self respect
Self Actualisation
Realising potential, ambitions

8. Hierarchy of Needs - alternative

9. (b) Theory X and Theory Y (McGregor)
2 – Motivation theories
(b) Theory X and Theory Y (McGregor)
McGregor researched how people work and came to the conclusion that employers usually think of their staff as being either an X or a Y type person.
Theory X assumes staff are Theory Y assumes staff are
Lazy and can’t be bothered Enjoy their work
Are not to be trusted Like to take responsibility
Have no initiative Will want to progress
Have to be supervised Can work on their own
Money is the only motivator Motivated by non-financial
Higher

10. (c) Hertzberg Hygiene factors
2 – Motivation theories
(c) Hertzberg Hygiene factors
Herztberg researched how people work and came to the conclusion that there are 2 main factors that businesses should consider when trying to motivate employees.
1 - Hygiene factors: the ‘basics’ a workplace should have
They don’t motivate as such but are likely to cause conflict or resentment if these are not present or are not prioritised
a company policy - suitable wage/salary
supervision to staff - good staff relationships
working conditions - job security
Higher

11. (c) Hertzberg Hygiene factors
2 – Motivation theories
(c) Hertzberg Hygiene factors
2 – Motivational factors:
Research indicated that most people are motivated by the desire to progress, be recognised and achieve at their work.
If staff are motived to achieve the above then ….
Staff will have greater job satisfaction
Staff will work above and beyond the minimum
Staff will try to achieve status – go for promotion
Staff will try to take responsibility, take on leadership
Herzberg said business should create a culture that allows this to flourish so that employees are empowered.
Higher

12. (d) Mayo – Hawthorne Studies (1927)
2 – Motivation theories
(d) Mayo – Hawthorne Studies (1927)
Mayo researched the physical and environmental influences of the workplace (e.g. brightness of lights, humidity) and later, moved into the psychological aspects (e.g. breaks, group pressure, working hours, managerial leadership).
In summary he proposed that what motivates staff are:
Their work colleagues
Group norms (what the group ‘accepts’ as good or bad, hard work or lazy…)
The role of supervisors and the amount of attention they gave
Higher

13. Questions - 1 Why do people work? What is motivation?
What advantages are there in having a motivated workforce?
Explain Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs and try to use your own needs when doing so.

14. 3 – Motivational methods (1) Financial methods
Time rate £x per hour. At least the Minimum Wage
Piece rate £x per unit produced. (not as common now)
Commission % of a sale added to basic pay
Overtime time and a half, double time eg weekends
Performance related pay a bonus if targets are achieved
Profit sharing employees share profits
Share ownership part of salary given in shares
Remuneration packages perks eg cheaper health care, subsidised meals, gym membership

15. Minimum Wage/Living Wage
3 – Motivational methods
Minimum Wage/Living Wage

16. (2) Non-Financial methods
3 – Motivational methods
(2) Non-Financial methods
Pension/insurance joining company scheme
Employee rewards employee/dept of month
Work environment modern IT, café, sports/leisure facility
Company car use of car for business/personal use
Leadership opportunities eg leading working groups/projects
Job rotation working in different areas
Quality circles regular discussion to improve standard
Flexible working staff choice in hours/home working
Support assistance with bereavement, stress
Career structure opportunities to progress

17. 4 – Motivation: Leadership styles
Arguably one of the most influential factors is how an employee is treated or how their ‘boss’ communicates with them.
Autocratic
Their way or no way! Dictating instructions
Lack of consultation Staff feel they are being controlled
Don’t feel valued May create ‘them and us’ vibe
Doesn’t encourage independent thinking
May be appropriate when:
deadlines have to be met
consistent message needed

18. 4 – Motivation: Leadership styles
Arguably one of the most influential factors is how an employee is treated or how their ‘boss’ communicates with them.
2 Democratic
Employees views sought Feedback is part of ethos
Encourages independence Promotes togetherness
Promotes a can-do attitude Encourages open-ness
Could generate more ‘meetings’ and slow decision making
May be appropriate when:
Change is required – opinions on best way forward

19. 4 – Motivation: Leadership styles
Arguably one of the most influential factors is how an employee is treated or how their ‘boss’ communicates with them.
3 Laissez-faire
Employees given much more responsibility
Less direction from the ‘manager’
Promotes personal responsibility
May prove ineffective:
Projects/targets could drift/lack focus without direction
With less supervision this may result in less productivity

20. Questions - 2 List 4 methods of Financial Rewards.
List 4 methods of Non-Financial Rewards.
What do you think about the use of both types of rewards in a business?
Describe the 3 Leadership styles and justify each one.

21. Class Activities Scholar Resources and Quizzes under Motivation
School Website – Motivation Theory Quizzes
BBC Bitesize Video on Motivation and compile notes
Past Paper Questions

22. Past Paper Questions
Describe 2 Theories of Motivation used by Managers
6 marks
Describe the methods used to motivate employees.
4 marks

23. Past Paper Question 1

25. Past Paper Question 2