1. Chapter 24 Finish Ceilings & Floors
‘Interior’ the Venetian Hotel (Las Vegas)

2. Functions of Finish Ceilings
Visual - color, texture, pattern, shape
Control diffusion of:
light
sound
Conceal MPE
Accommodate: lights, diffusers, communication, sprinkler…
May assist with
fire resistance
distribution / return of HVAC

3. Types of Ceilings Exposed Structural & MPE Tightly Attached Suspended
Interstitial

4. Exposed Exposed Structure & MPE Flat Plate, PC plank (HC)
Industrial, warehouse, …
Economy & ease of maintenance
Timber, trusses, etc.
Often for appearance
Flat Plate, PC plank (HC)
Painted - hotels & apartments
Minimal MPE services in ceiling
Economy and reduces story height

5. Exposed Structure Ceiling
“Joint” Preparation for Sprayed on Textured Ceiling
Textured Ceiling

6. Exposed Timber & MPE Services @ a Ski Lodge

7. Tightly Attached Attached directly to joists or slabs
Special arrangements / accommodations for:
Structural members (beams, girders)
MPE systems

8. Suspended Ceilings Suspended from the Structure
Generally by wires
Materials: drywall, plaster, fibrous (acoustic)
Structure
Ceiling
Plenum space
Support
Wires
for
ducts, pipes, conduit ...
Support System
Metal Framing
Furring Channels
“Metal Grid
Suspended Ceiling
Drywall
Plaster
Acoustic (incombustible fibers)

9. Suspended Plaster Ceiling (note the delamination of the finish coat)

10. Acoustic “Lay-in Panels”
Exposed Metal Grid
2x2 or 2x4 Lay-in Panels
MPE “sized” to fit grid or
cut into the acoustic tile
Economical

11. Acoustical Ceiling Grid Systems
“Difficult” to access
Main Runners
Provide Main Ceiling Support
Generally 4’ o.c.
Attached to “Hangers”
Additional hangers may be
required to support MPE “loads”
Cross Tees
Intermediate Support
“Rest”/ attach to Mains
Spacing depends on tile
Wall Angle
Attaches to wall

12. “Recessed” Grid Diffuser sized 2x2
(also can be Flush, …)
Ceiling mounted - lights, sprinkler,
smoke detector, communication
Multiple Tile Finishes Available
Diffuser sized 2x2

14. Common Support Grid Profile

15. Fire Resistant Membrane
Suspended Ceiling
used as a
Fire Resistant Membrane
Combination Light/Diffuser
The Integrity
of the Fire
Resistant Rating
Must be Maintained
at the
Ceiling Penetrations

16. Suspended Acoustic Ceiling with a Gypsum ‘Fire’ Ceiling Above

17. Interstitial Ceilings
Common with elaborate MPE systems
Hospitals & laboratories
Purpose:
Accommodate extensive MPE systems
Provide access for maintenance & updating services

18. Finish Flooring Functions & Considerations
Visual
Acoustics
Light
Wearing Surface
Considerations
Life / durability
Skid resistance
Sanitation
Noise
Fire (resistance, combustibility)
Other (conductivity,..)

19. Under-floor Services Distribution of electrical /communications
Methods
Conduit
Cellular Raceways
Cellular Decking
Raised Flooring

20. Under-floor Electrical Services Placed in the concrete slab

21. Reducing Noise Transmission
Use of a Soft material
Padded carpet
Cushioned resilient flooring
Resilient underlayment
Selection of surrounding material
Dense ceiling material below (plaster, drywall)
Mount ceiling on resilient clips or spring hangers

22. Skid & Fire Resistance Skid Resistance Flame Resistance
Measure by its static coefficient of friction (SCOF)
Skid resistance – desirable to minimize slipping
Flame Resistance
Most flooring required to meet minimum criteria
Exit corridors typically have higher requirements

23. Hard Flooring Materials
Resistant to:
Wear
Moisture
Noisy -conduct sound
Types
Concrete, stone, brick, tile, terrazzo

24. Concrete Flooring Advantages Common Uses Low initial cost Durable
Parking decks
Warehouses
Industrial

25. Exposed Concrete with a pattern & tinting

26. Stone Types Installation Marble Granite Slate Sandstone, … Setting Bed
Grouted joints

27. Marble

28. Granite

29. Bricks & Brick Pavers Typically laid on face (but can be laid on edge)
Often with a setting bed
With Grouted Joints
Without Grouted Joints

30. Paver Patterns

31. Quarry Tile Fired Clay tiles Multiple shapes/sizes Installation
Setting Bed (typical)
Thin Set
Grout Joints

32. Ceramic Tile Fired Clay Often Glazed Finish Floors & Walls
Multiple sizes & colors, smaller tiles shipped with backing sheets

33. Laying Ceramic Tile
Reinforced ‘Mesh’
Bridge Cracks in Floor

34. Applying Adhesive with a Notched Trowel

35. Spacers Being Installed

36. Tile Placement

37. Cutting Tile

38. Small tile shipped with backing sheet

39. Decorative Ceramic Tile

40. Terrazzo Ground/polished concrete
Typ. granite or marble chips w/ colored cement
Divider strips
At changes in color/texture, expansion/contraction

41. Brass Divider Strips

42. Wood Flooring Materials Types
white & red oak, pecan, maple, pine, ….
Types
Wood Strip Flooring - blind nailed
Square edge - fasteners visible (or filled)
Parquet
Pre-finished or finished in-place (except parquet)

43. Blind Nailed Strip Flooring

44. Multiple Floor Finishes
wood, tile, & carpet

45. Resilient Flooring Vinyl Composition Thin (1/8”), rolls or tiles (VCT)
Will show substrate irregularities
Multiple colors & patterns
Low cost, moderate durability
Installation - glued

47. Carpet Multiple styles, colors, … Indoor and Outdoor Installation
Glued directly to substrate, or
Pad & tackless strip

49. Glued Carpet abutting Terrazzo
Edge Strip
Glued Carpet abutting Terrazzo

50. Sustainability in Floors and Ceilings
Indoor air quality: problems often caused by finish materials and coatings ( glues, binders, fabrics, etc.)
Mold & Mildew: can be a problem in carpets, wall coverings, & fabrics
Vinyl common in finishes: manufacture of vinyl releases significant amounts of air pollution
Recycling of interior materials in its infancy