1. What do these pictures have in common?
Covalent bonds
What do these pictures have in common?

2. Covalent bonding (pg 2 expectation 7)
Look at the pictures above. What similarities do you see?
When electronegativity values are high, each atom is strongly attracted to bonding electrons & unwilling to give them up.
In this case, both nuclei have a strong enough attraction to the electrons that they wind up sharing them to gain stability.
A covalent bond is when atoms share electrons & stay together because of their mutual attraction for the bonding electrons.

3. Electronegativity & bond type (expectation 5)
The attraction to a bonding electron
The difference in electronegativity decides the type of bond.
Ionic bond: Difference is > 2.0 (between metals & non-metals) & results in ions due to electron transfer.
Covalent: Difference is < 2.0 & results in some type of “sharing”