1. Sectional Anatomy Lesson 2 Topic 2 Brain

2. Objectives:
Identify the ventricles, cerebral lobes, diencephalon, cerebellum, cranial nerves and cerebral vascular structures on given images
Identify different planes and modalities on given images
Use directional terms to describe the relationships of anatomical structures to each other
After viewing this topic you should be able to:
Identify the ventricles, cerebral lobes, diencephalon, cerebellum, cranial nerves and cerebral vascular structures on given images
Identify different planes and modalities on given images
Use directional terms to describe the relationships of anatomical structures to each other

3. Brain
The brain is divided into right and left hemispheres. Each hemisphere can be divided into different lobes.
The Frontal lobe <highlight blue area> is the most anterior part of the brain. This lobe is associated with reasoning, planning, parts of speech, movement, emotions, and problem solving
The Parietal Lobe <highlight yellow area> is located in the middle portion . This lobe is associated with movement, orientation, recognition, and perception of stimuli.
The occipital lobe <highlight pink area> is the most posterior portion. It is associated with visual processing.
The Temporal Lobe <highlight green area> is the most lateral portion. It is associated with perception and recognition of auditory stimuli, memory, and speech.
Damage to any lobe will affect the functions associated with that area.

4. Cerebellum Images: highlight cerebellum
Audio: the cerebellum, or hindbrain, is the most posterior part of the brain. The cerebellum is involved in the coordination of voluntary motor movement, balance and equilibrium and muscle tone. It is relatively well protected from trauma compared to the frontal and temporal lobes and brain stem. Damage to this area will affect bodily movements.

5. MRI Axial Image
Image: have orange arrow appear when you get to that part of the text.
Audio: This MR image shows the different lobes of the brain. Notice the difference in tissue as the cerebellum (orange arrow) starts to come into the image.
Nancy – What’s the difference? (visually)

6. Sagittal MR Image
Audio: this sagittal image shows the lobes.

7. Ventricles of the Brain
Image: highlight anatomy as audio indicates each area.
Audio: The ventricles in the brain are a system of four communicating cavities that are continuous with the central canal of the spinal cord. There are four ventricles, all filled with cerebrospinal fluid.
The two lateral ventricles are in the cerebral hemispheres. These consists of a triangular central body and four horns. The lateral ventricles communicate with the third ventricle through the interventricular foramen.
The third ventricle in the brain is surrounded by the thalamus and hypothalamus on either side. Anteriorly it communicatse with the lateral ventricles and posteriorly it communicates with the midbrain through the aqueduct of Sylvius.
The fourth ventricle is the smallest and most inferior. It communicates by the two foraminas , the formamen of Luschka and the foramen of Magendie.
Nancy – show us what to highlight! Also, are the bolded words in the last sentence spelled correctly?