1. Introduction Democracy and Civil rights are new
Magna Carta-1215 – required King to consult an elected parliament
Tutors (Elizabeth I) good – Stuarts bad
Led to civil war – the a Republic – then the Glorious revolution and a Constitutional Monarchy

2. English Society in the 17th C
1600’s – England a Colonizing nation – population increase- entrepreneurs, business, trade and better agriculture.
Society divided by Classes
Upper- King, Nobles and Church
Middle- merchants, landowners, manufacturers
Lower- workers, peasants

3. Living 1st and 2nd class lived well, trade goods
Skilled people joined Guilds (unions)
Poor had little hope- poor nutrition
No food refrigeration, massive use of spices to mask taste

4. Role of Religion
England was Protestant – Church of England – King was the head of the Church
Puritans – dissenting – Calvinists – church should be plain – sometimes toleration – sometimes illegal
Business and small landowners

5. Witches Personification of the Devil – women
Anyone that did not fit into society
Ducked in water, thumbs to toes
Hanged, burned, pressed to death, tar and feathered
Good times…good times

8. Early Stuarts James VI of Scotland 1603 – James I of England
Disliked English traditions
Absolute monarchs – Divine Right
But this would lead to fights with parliament – taxes, civil rights of the individual.

9. James I Good – King James version of the Bible
But – incompetent, arrogant
Always in a fight for money $$$
Dies after creating animosity between monarchy and Parliament
Son – Charles I

11. Charles I Divine right – unwilling to compromise
Was not a people person – spent a lot of $$$ on himself
Wars with France and Spain were disasters – cost a lot of $$$

12. The fight with Parliament
Charles had to get $$$ from Parliament
Got it IF he would respect Parliament
Tried to find ways of getting $$ without them
Customs and ship fees
Billeted soldiers with people to save $$
Sold titles
Court of the Star Chamber

14. Parliament demanded the signing of the petition of right
Charles refused – had the archbishop LAUD find ways of getting $$ - LAUD also over decorated the churches
Puritans mad – attacked and damaged churches

15. Petition of Right 1628
During the reign of Charles I, there was accelerating political tension concerning the power of Parliament and the 'rights and liberties of the subject'. In 1628 the House of Commons drafted this petition proclaiming, among other things, the illegality of taxation without parliamentary consent and of arbitrary imprisonment.

16. The Long Parliament
Charles then tried to force the Scottish to worship like the English
Needed $$ to stop revolt – Short Parliament gave him nothing – the Long Parliament (13 years) gave $$ when Charles turned over LAUD (his buddy, whom they executed – nice guy)
Split in Parliament – Radicals wanted to take away his power – others just wanted him to rule under the current laws

18. Charles believed that if he arrested the radicals, then he would regain total power
Charles led 500 into the House of commons – the radicals escaped and Parliament began to raise an Army
The Civil War was about to begin!

20. The Civil War Cavaliers vs. Roundheads (militia)
Parliament controlled the Navy and the South $$$ - alliance with the Scots
The New Model Army
Oliver Cromwell leader wins
Charles is captured

22. The Rump Parliament – Trial of the King
Presbyterians – bring King back and make him follow rules
Puritans – create a Republic and put the King on trial for Treason
Charles found guilty
Executed – shook all the monarchies of Europe to kill a King

24. The Triumph of Parliament
Parliament had the army, so got rid of the Monarchy – many people did not like this
Cromwell defeated Scottish and Irish resistance – brutally
Cause of present day Irish tension

26. The Lord Protector
Cromwell lacked patience with Parliament – kicked them out and was named Lord Protector – Dictator
Divided the country into districts – ruled through Generals – Calvinist laws – Fun Police
He had become what he was fighting against – died, his son a failure
Republican experiment over!

27. Now Parliament had to be restored or civil war again
The Restoration
Now Parliament had to be restored or civil war again
1660- invited Charles II back as King
Insisted in a constitutional monarchy
Charles agreed in public, but schemed in private.
Tories-royal supporters
Whigs- opponents of Catholic Monarchy
Many drawn and quartered

29. Parliament passed the Test Act
Made the church of England supreme
No Catholics in public office
Charles II died and his brother James II took over

31. The Glorious Revolution
James- problem – Catholic
Did not follow the Test Act
Believed in the divine right
Rebellions soon broke out
1688, Parliament invited James protestant daughter Mary, and husband William of Orange to become king and queen
James left- new bill of rights- Parliament fully in charge
Activity #5 – page 48