1. KEY CONCEPT Fossil fuel emissions affect the biosphere.

2. Pollution is any undesirable factor added to the air, water, or soil.
Smog - type of Air pollution
Sunlight interacts with fossil fuel emissions
Made of particulates and ground-level Ozone
Can be harmful to human health.

3. Acid rain - caused by fossil fuel emissions.
Produced when pollutants in the water cycle cause rain pH to drop
Can lower the pH of a lake or stream
Can harm trees

4. Pollution is changing Earth’s biosphere.
Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide rise and fall over time.
High levels of carbon dioxide are typical of Warmer periods.

5. Sunlight penetrates Earth’s atmosphere
The Greenhouse effect slows the release of energy from Earth’s atmosphere.
Sunlight penetrates Earth’s atmosphere
Energy is absorbed and reradiated as heat
Greenhouse gases hold the heat in
Earth’s temperature increases
methane (CH4)
water (H2O)
carbon dioxide (CO2)

6. Thinning Ozone Layer O3
Upper atmosphere - Screens out UV rays
Harmful in the lower atmosphere
Responsible for odor after thunderstorms
Hole in ozone layer over Antarctica

8. Global warming - Trend of increasing global temperatures.
North Pole

9. The loss of biodiversity has long-term effects.
16.4 Threats to Biodiversity
The loss of biodiversity has long-term effects.
Loss of medical and technological advances
Extinction of species
Loss of ecosystem stability

10. Loss of habitat eliminates species.
16.4 Threats to Biodiversity
Loss of habitat eliminates species.
Habitat fragmentation - prevents an organism from accessing its entire home range.
Occurs when a barrier forms within the habitat
Often caused by human development

11. 16.4 Threats to Biodiversity
Habitat corridors - Are a solution to the problem
Corridors can be road overpasses or underpasses
Allow species to move between different areas of habitat

12. Introduced species - Species that is brought to an ecosystem by humans
16.4 Threats to Biodiversity
Introduced species - Species that is brought to an ecosystem by humans
Can disrupt stable relationships in an ecosystem.
Accidental or Purposeful

13. 16.4 Threats to Biodiversity
Invasive species - Can have an environmental and economic impact.
Often push out native species.
Ex: Burmese python (Florida Everglades)

14. 16.1 Human Population Growth and Natural Resources
KEY CONCEPT As the human population grows, the demand for Earth’s resources increases.

15. Earth’s human Carrying Capacity (k) is unknown.
16.1 Human Population Growth and Natural Resources
Earth’s human Carrying Capacity (k) is unknown.

16. 16.1 Human Population Growth and Natural Resources
Technology has helped to increase Earth’s Carrying Capacity
Gas-powered farm equipment
Medical advancements

17. Nonrenewable resources are used faster than they form.
16.1 Human Population Growth and Natural Resources
Nonrenewable resources are used faster than they form.
Coal
Oil
Growing use of nonrenewable resources may lead to a crisis

18. 16.1 Human Population Growth and Natural Resources
Renewable resources cannot be used up or can replenish themselves over time
wind
water
sunlight

19. 16.1 Human Population Growth and Natural Resources
Effective management of Earth’s resources will help meet the needs of the future.

20. 16.1 Human Population Growth and Natural Resources
An Ecological footprint is the amount of land needed to support a person.
Food and water
Shelter
Energy
Waste

21. 16.1 Human Population Growth and Natural Resources
Several factors affect the size of the ecological footprint.
Amount and efficiency of resource use
Amount and toxicity of waste produced

22. 16.5 Conservation
KEY CONCEPT Conservation methods can help protect and restore ecosystems.

23. Sustainable development manages resources
16.5 Conservation
Sustainable development manages resources
meets needs without hurting future generations.

24. 16.5 Conservation
The timber industry has started to adopt sustainable practices.
Global fisheries have adopted several sustainable practices.
fishing gear review
harvest reduction
fishing bans

25. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) was created in 1970.
16.5 Conservation
The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) was created in 1970.
Develop policies and regulations to protect the environment.
Clean Air Act
Clean Water Act
Endangered Species Act

26. 16.5 Conservation
The Endangered Species Act works to protect individual species from extinction.
A listed species is often called an umbrella species.
the habitat in which the species lives must be protected

27. 16.5 Conservation
The National Park Service helps manage public lands.
The park system includes over 390 areas, covering 84 million acres.

28. 16.5 Conservation
There are several ways that people can help protect the environment.
control population growth
develop sustainable technology and practices
protect and maintain ecosystems