1. Nationalism and Revolution around the world 1910-1939
Chapter 15
Nationalism and Revolution around the world

2. Africa and the Middle East
A new generation of leaders will take over Africa in the 1920’s and 30’s
They are proud of their heritage and try to restore Africa for Africans

3. Africans Some were forced to work on plantations
The money they earned paid taxes to a country they hated
They were forced off their land
Only Europeans could grow profitable crops
In Kenya, they had to carry identification cards, and restricted where they could travel

4. WWI During WWI 1 million Africans fought for their colonial ruler
They were hoping for rights and opportunities
Most stayed the same, but some got worse

5. South Africa
whites imposed a policy of racial segregation to ensure white supremacy
Better paying jobs were restricted for whites
They were forced to live on reserves
By this policy would become law
The segregation of blacks is called apartheid

7. Pan-Africanism Unity of Africans Strengthened resistance
Led by Marcus Garvey
W.E.B. DuBois organized the first pan-African conference
Their ideas were ignored by the Western leaders

8. Negritude movement
I want you to use your phones to locate the meaning of the term negritude movement
I then want you to find an example from this movement
Please compare this movement in African history to an event in U.S. history. How are they similar?

10. Egypt
Egypt gets their independence from Britain in 1922 due to protests, strikes, and riots against the British
Britain still controls their monarchy
Many young Egyptians join a group called the Muslim Brotherhood because it rejected western culture

11. Ottoman Empire
Mustafa Kemal over threw the sultan of the Ottoman Empire, and declared Turkey a republic
He changed his name to Ataturk meaning father of the Turks
He tried to modernize Turkey by industrializing, setting up factories, and hiring westerners to advise Turkey economically

12. Persia A similar story occurs in Persia
Their leader is overthrown by Reza Khan and rushed to modernize
They had to wear western clothing and attend western like schools

13. Movie over the conflict between Israel and Palestine

14. Peace conference betrayal
The Allies had help from the Arabs during WWI
They thought they would get their independence after the war
The Allies carved up the Ottoman Empire and gave land to France and Britain

17. Betrayal continued Arabs felt betrayed- which they still feel today
A major source of conflict was the British mandate over Palestine

18. Origins of the conflict
Jews wanted to return to Palestine and began migrating there
The Allies made two sets of promises
Arabs their own kingdom in former Ottoman lands including Palestine
Balfour Declaration- British advocated the idea of a national home for the Jews in Palestine. The declaration states that nothing can be done to harm the non Jewish communities already there

19. Bitter Struggle Begins
Jewish population begins to grow in the area of Palestine due to WWII
The Arab population grew as well
Tensions between the two groups developed
Religious differences heightened these tensions

20. India-section 3
Riots broke out in India against the British on April 13, 1919
They were forbidden to hold public meetings but did so regardless
They gathered in a field and when the Indian leaders spoke, the British soldiers opened fire on the crowd and killed 400 Indians
This event is called the Amritsar Massacre

21. Call for independence
During WWI, more than a million Indians served overseas
Britain had promised them self-governance after the war, but did not follow through
A new leader arose in the 1920’s- Mohandas Gandhi

22. Gandhi Middle Class Studied law in England
He used nonviolent means-ahimsa (uh HIM sah)
He believed in the power of love
He believed in a mixture of Western and Indian culture including the American ideas of civil disobedience, democracy, and nationalism

23. Gandhi sets an example He urged Indians to boycott British goods
Britain held a salt monopoly and required Indians to buy from Britain
Gandhi organized a march to the sea where they gathered their own salt
Gandhi and tens of thousands were imprisoned

25. Steps towards freedom
Around the world countries criticized Britain for their harsh treatment of India
Millions of Indians still help Britain fight in WWII
When the war ended in 1945-the issue of independence could not be avoided
India got their independence in 1947
Aro

26. China China’s Qing dynasty collapsed in 1911
Their new leader Sun Yat-sen hoped to rebuild China on the Three Principles
Do you remember them from ch. 12 section 5?
He made little progress and China fell into chaos

27. Warlord Problem Sun Yat-sen stepped down
New leader Yuan Shikai (yoo AHN shih KY
He tried to set up a new dynasty
The military did not support him and therefore divided the nation even further

28. Local warlords War lords seized power
The economy collapsed and millions of peasants suffered including famine
During WWI, Japan presented China with their 21 demands
You are going to look at the Twenty One demands of Japan, determine what they wanted, and if they are successful

29. Twenty One Demands Yuan gave into their demands
1919- Paris Peace Conference the Allies gave Japan control over German possessions in China
China is mad!!

30. May Fourth Movement Student protests in Beijing on May 4, 1919
The protests were cultural and intellectual
Their goal was to strengthen China
Their hope is to end foreign domination
Women played a vital role in the marches and demonstrations including ending old practices like foot binding
(3 minutes CNN interview)

31. Appeal of Marxism
Communism looked appealing to many Chinese the Soviet Union was more willing to help China if they believed in Marxism
1921- China gets a new leader Sun Yixian
He wanted to raise an army, defeat the warlords, and spread his rule but western democracies refused to help

32. Communism cont. Sun accepts aid from Soviet Union
Jiang Jieshi (Jahng jeh shur) took over after Sun’s death
He was called Chiang Kai-Shek
He was a young army officer
He wasn’t concerned about communism or democracy, he just wanted to crush local war lords

33. Chiang Kai- Shek He seized the chance to attack the communist party
They were seen as a threat to his power
He ordered troops in 1927 to slaughter the communist party members
Thousands were killed
This will lead to a bitter civil war for 22 years

34. Mao Zedong and the communists
Mao Zedong escaped
He believed the communists should get support from the small working class not the peasants
Chiang again set the Guomindang on a series of extermination campaigns

35. Long March 1934-1935 the Long March in which Mao’s forces fight back
They set up a base in northern China
Mao plotted to set up strategies for fighting the nationalist party
Communists enforced strict policy, treat peasants politely and pay for goods they wanted

37.
One minute video clip from history channel

38. Japanese invasion
While China was fighting against themselves, Japan invaded Manchuria in 1931
This forced China to unite and fight against Japan
1937-Japan invaded China again and forced Chiang’s army to retreat to interior

39. Nanjing
Japanese troops marched into the city of Nanjing on December 13
It was an important cultural center
The city surrendered and Japanese killed hundreds of thousands of soldiers, civilians and brutalized more
This becomes known as the Rape of Nanjing

40. Fight back The united Chinese fought back against the Japanese
The Soviet Union set help as well as Great Britain, France, and the U.S.
The U.S. aligned themselves with China against Japan in WWII

41. Japan- section 5