1. RNA: Structures and Functions
Biology 9

2. RNA Base Pairing RNA –> DNA Base Pairing: A ---- U G ---- C
4 Nitrogen Bases in RNA:
Adenine
Guanine
Uracil
Cytosine
RNA –> DNA Base Pairing:
A ---- U
G ---- C

3. RNA vs. DNA 3 major differences
Deoxyribose Sugar
Ribose Sugar
Double Strand
Single Strand (generally)
Uses Thymine (T)
Uses Uracil (U)

4. Messenger RNA (mRNA) Basic Structure: Basic Function
Single Strand of RNA
Basic Function
Make a copy of DNA instructions to make a protein
Takes those instructions from DNA to Ribosome to make a protein
Every 3 bases is a Codon
Small enough to leave the nucleus. DNA is too big!

5. mRNA (in orange)

6. Transfer RNA (tRNA) Basic Structure: Basic Function: Coiled RNA strand
Amino Acid attached to the top
Anti-codon on the bottom
Basic Function:
Transfer amino acids to the ribosome to make a protein
Anti-codon on tRNA matches/ reads codon on mRNA

7. tRNA

8. tRNA: Molecular Model

9. Codons and AntiCodons Anticodon Codon Polypeptide Codon Anticodon
3 base sequence on mRNA that specify a single amino acid to be added to the polypeptide (protein)
Anticodon
3 base sequence on tRNA that are complimentary to the mRNA codon
t RNA
mRNA
Polypeptide
Anticodon
Codon

10. The Genetic Code
The 64 Codons that code for Amino Acids

11. Transcription and Translation Animation Video
Website:

12. Transcription Detail Overview: Steps:
mRNA
Overview:
A DNA gene is copied in the form of mRNA
Steps:
RNA Polymerase separates DNA strands
RNA Polymerase moves along one of the DNA strands (template)
RNA Polymerase makes mRNA by attaching RNA nucleotides that match the DNA template

13. Transcription - Translation

14. Translation Detail Overview: Steps:
mRNA copy provides instructions for assembling amino acids into a protein
Occurs at the ribosome
Steps:
mRNA enters the ribosome
tRNA molecules bring amino acids to the ribosome
tRNA anticodons match with mRNA codons to put amino acids in the right order
According to the Genetic Code

15. Translation