1. COGNITION AND LANGUAGE FEM 4102

2. DR. MOHD NAJMI BIN DAUD E-mail: najmi@putra.upm.edu.my
B.HSc, M.HSc (Clinical Psychology), IIUM, PhD (Psychology), Massey, NZ
Tel:
Room:
Room 13, JPMPK
Fakulti Ekologi Manusia

3. Tuesday & Thursday – 9.00 am – 12 pm
Consultation Hour
Tuesday & Thursday – 9.00 am – 12 pm
(Room 13, JPMPK)

4. Important dates 30th September 2017 (Saturday)
Deadline for topic selection
1st December 2017 (Friday) – Before pm
Deadline for assignment submission

5. Assessment Assignment & Test = 60% - Test (20%)
- Individual assignment(30%)
- Quiz (10%)
Final examination = 40%

6. Kandungan Kursus Perkembangan bidang psikologi kognisi
Pendekatan dalam psikologi kognisi
Proses perseptual
Proses bahasa
Pemahaman dan penghasilan bahasa
Bahasa dan pemikiran
Pemprosesan maklumat
Memori dan kognisi
Perkembangan bahasa dan perkembangan kognisi
Bahasa, kognisi dan penguasaan kognitif

7. Synopsis
This course encompasses the analysis of psycholinguistic development and the psychology of cognition, as well as the relationships between language processes and cognition processes in the context of human development.

8. History of cognitive psychology

9. Influential figures in the history of cognitive Psychology
Wilhem Wundt
Edward Titchner
Herman Ebbinghaus
William James
Jean Piaget
Lev Vygotsky

10. CONCEPT in cognition and language

11. INTRODUCTION What is Psychology? What is Cognitive Psychology?
What is Cognition?
What is Language?

12. What is Psychology?
A scientific study of behavior & cognitive process

13. What is Cognitive Psychology?
According to McMillan
Cognitive Psychology is the scientific study of human thoughts and the mental process that underlie behavior  which includes memory, problem solving, perception and language
Thus …..The study of THINKING.

14. Cont The Emergence of Cognitive Psychology was the result of….
Criticism towards Behaviorism
Development of computers
i.e. Human being (brain/mental) are just like a computer… they process information

15. Cognitive Psychology assume that…..
Assumptions that guide:
Mental Processes Exist
Mental Processes can be Scientifically Studied
Humans are Active Information Processors

16. WHAT IS COGNITION? Cognitive science
Oxford Dictionary: (psychology) action or process of acquiring knowledge, by reasoning or by intuition or through the senses (proses memperolehi pengetahuan secara taakulan (daya fikir) atau intuisi (gerak hati) atau melalui deria.
The Scientific study of:
Thought
Language
The brain

17. THINKING PROCESS
The Greek philosopher Aristotle pointed out that people differ from lower organism in their capacity for rational thinking.
Thinking enables us to create computers, and scan the interior of the body without surgery.

18. THINKING PROCESS WHAT IS THINGKING?
THINKING MEANS ATTENDING TO INFORMATION, REPRESENTING IT MENTALLY, REASONING ABOUT IT, AND MAKING JUDGEMENTS AND DECISIONS ABOUT IT.
It refers to conscious, planned attempts to make sense of the world and change it.
Mental processes such as dreaming and daydreaming may be unplanned and seem to proceed more or less on their own.
Humans tend to use language not only in communicating but also in thinking.
Intelligence provides the foundation for our capacity to think and solve problems.

19. INDIVIDUAL COGNITION
What are the relationships between language and thinking?
The relationships between language and thinking are complex and not always obvious.
For example can you think without using language?? The answer seems to be yes, but of course, you would not be able to use thoughts that entail symbols that are arranged according to rules of grammar.

20. INDIVIDUAL COGNITION
Mental activity involved in understanding, processing, and communicating information.
Jean Piaget believed that language reflects knowledge of the world but that much knowledge can be acquired without language. For example, it is possible to understand the concepts of roundness or redness even we do not know or use the words round or red

21. Memory & cognition Cognition
The collection of mental processes and activities used in:
Perceiving
Remembering
Thinking
Understanding
As well as the act of using these processes

22. WHAT IS LANGUAGE?
Language is the dress of thought. (Dr. Samuel Johnson)
Can be defined as “the communication of information by means of symbols arranged according to rules of grammar”.
Language make it possible for one person to communicate knowledge to another and for one generation to communicate to another. It creates a vehicle for recording experiences.
It allows us to put ourselves in the shoes of other people, to learn more than we could learn from direct experience.
Language also provides many units of thinking.

23. Psycholinguistics Psycholinguistics is the Psychology of Language.
The study of the psychological and neurobiological factors that enable humans to acquire, use, comprehend and produce language i.e….study how the brain processes language.
Studies the comprehension & production of language in it spoken, written and signed forms.
Psycholinguistics is interdisciplinary and is studied by people in a variety of fields, such as psychology, cognitive, science, and linguistics

24. Psycholinguistics
Psycholinguistics covers the cognitive processes that make it possible to generate a grammatical and meaningful sentence out of vocabulary and grammatical structure, as well as the processes that make it possible to understand utterances, words, text, etc.
Developmental psycholinguistics studies children’s ability to learn & process language  usually with experimental or at least quantitative methods (as opposed to naturalistic observations such as those made by Jean Piaget in his research on the development of children).

25. Linguistic-related areas:
Phonetics and phonology are concerned with the study of speech sounds. Within psycholinguistics, research focuses on how the brain processes and understands these sounds.
Morphology is the study of word structures, especially the relationships between related words (such as dog and dogs) and the formation of words based on rules (such as plural formation).

26. Linguistic-related areas:
Syntax is the study of the patterns which dictate how words are combined together to form sentences.
Semantics deals with the meaning of words and sentences. Where syntax is concerned with the formal structure of sentences, semantics deals with the actual meaning of sentences.
Pragmatics is concerned with the role of context in the interpretation of meaning.

27. History of psycholinguistics

28. Egyptian times
Heart was assumed to be the seat of the soul and memory
Plato
Brain as seat of intelligence
Pre-19th century
thoughts on language mostly in philosophy, not much systematic research
Isolated studies

29. First systematic studies- relationship between brain and language
Phrenology/ craniology (Gall,ca,1800);
Bumps on the skull taken to reflect areas of enlargement in the brain
Located language in anterior parts of the brain at the protrusion of the eye socket below the eye

30. Empiricism of the 18th/19th century
Paul Broca(physician,ca.1860):anatomical inspection of the brain
Damage can result in impaired language production
Carl Wernicke (German physician)
Damage can result in problems processing auditory language