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Jason Hamel Dr. Rolando Raqueño Dr. John Schott Dr. Minsu Kim

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1 Jason Hamel Dr. Rolando Raqueño Dr. John Schott Dr. Minsu Kim
Sensitivity Analysis of Suspended Sediment Inherent Optical Property Effects on Modeled Water Leaving Radiance Jason Hamel Dr. Rolando Raqueño Dr. John Schott Dr. Minsu Kim

2 Outline Objective Water Modeling Suspended Solids Test Cases Results
Conclusion

3 Objective Examine the effect of suspended solids on water leaving radiance Perform a sensitivity study using a model to determine effect of: Composition Particle size Concentration Analyze the NIR region to determine cases where normal atmospheric correction methods over water will fail Tools: OOPS Hydrolight

4 80% 10% 10% Atmosphere to Sensor Air/Water Transition
Signal Sources Atmosphere to Sensor 80% 10% 10% Air/Water Transition Water/Air Transition Atmosphere is a big problem (in-water information is only 10% of image) Upwelling and down welling, cloud plumes effect data In Water

5 Characteristics of Spectral data
Difference is water characteristic curves can be seen here Some more green, more brackish, some darker then others Basis of what we do: what can we tell about water based on it’s spectral characteristics? Irondequoit Bay Genesee River Lake Ontario

6 Outline Objective Water Modeling Suspended Solids Test Cases Results
Conclusion

7 Water Modeling Hydrolight is our current water modeling tool
To model the radiance leaving the water surface Hydrolight needs defined: Illumination Surface wind speed Water quality parameters Bottom conditions

8 Water Modeling Water quality parameters
Material components in the water column (typically included is pure water, chlorophyll, suspended solids, and color dissolved organic matter) Concentration Absorption coefficient Scattering coefficient Scattering phase function All variables can be defined for wavelength and depth

9 Water Modeling Ocean Optical Plankton Simulator (OOPS) developed at Cornell Models absorption and scattering coefficients and the scattering phase function Generate IOP’s of in-water constituents if basic properties of the materials are known Can generate test data sets with Hydrolight to analyze how specific constituents effect the water leaving radiance

10 Outline Objective Water Modeling Suspended Solids Test Cases Results
Conclusion

11 Suspended Solids in OOPS
Basic physical and optical properties needed by OOPS to model IOP’s: Suspended solids composition Refractive index Particle size distribution Density

12 Suspended Solids Composition
Quartz SiO2 Feldspars Orthoclase KAlSi3O8 Albite NaAlSi3O8 Anorthite CaAl2Si2O8 Clay minerals Kaolinite Al4 (OH)8 [Si4O10] Chlorite (Al, Mg, Fe)3 (OH)2 [(Al,Si}4O10] Mg3 (OH) Illite (K, H2O) Al2 (H2O, OH)2 [AlSi3O10] Montmorillonite {(AL2-xMgx) (OH)2 [Si4O10]}-x Nax.n H1O Calcite/aragonite CaCO3 Opal SiO2 (amorphous)

13 Refractive Indices Quartz 1.544 1.553 Feldspars
Ordinary Ray Extraordinary Ray Tertiary Ray Quartz Feldspars Orthoclase Albite Anorthite Clays Kaolinite Chlorite Illite Montmorillonite Calcium Carbonate Calcite Aragonite Opal From Lide, D. R. (2003). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics CRC Press, 84th edition.

14 Refractive Indices From Gifford, J. W. (1902). The refractive indices of fluorite, quartz, and calcite. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, 70:

15 Particle Size Distributions
Will test 3 particle size distributions (PSD): Junge Gaussian Log-Normal

16 Typical Ocean PSD’s From Simpson, W. R. (1982). Particulate matter in the oceans-sampling methods, concentration, size distribution, and particle dynamics. Oceanography and Marine Biology, 20:

17 Junge PSD’s

18 In Situ PSD’s Measurements made using a Benthos plankton camera
Found 80% of particulate matter in suspension as flocs larger than 100 mm in size From Eisma, D., et al. (1991). Suspended-matter particle size in some West-European estuaries; Part I: Particle-size distribution. Netherlands Journal of Sea Research, 28(3):

19 Gaussian PSD’s

20 Log-Normal PSD’s

21 Outline Objective Water Modeling Suspended Solids Test Cases Results
Conclusion

22 Hydrolight Analysis Now that some variations of suspended solids are known, Oops can generate various suspend solid IOP’s These IOP’s can operate as variables in Hydrolight to test the effect different suspended solids have on the water leaving radiance Since the different IOP’s are of main interest, most Hydrolight inputs will be held constant between runs

23 Particle size distribution
Process Summary Composition Refractive index Particle size distribution

24 Quartz Albite Kaolinite Calcite Opal Particle size distribution
Process Summary Composition Quartz Albite Kaolinite Calcite Opal Refractive index Particle size distribution

25 Quartz Albite Kaolinite Calcite Opal Particle size distribution
Process Summary Composition Quartz Albite Kaolinite Calcite Opal /1.658/Spectral 1.44 Refractive index Particle size distribution

26 Quartz Albite Kaolinite Calcite Opal Particle size distribution
Process Summary Composition Quartz Albite Kaolinite Calcite Opal /1.658/Spectral 1.44 Refractive index Particle size distribution 14 Junge 2 Gaussian 7 Log-Normal

27 Quartz Albite Kaolinite Calcite Opal Particle size distribution
Process Summary Composition Quartz Albite Kaolinite Calcite Opal /1.658/Spectral 1.44 Refractive index Particle size distribution 14 Junge 2 Gaussian 7 Log-Normal OOPS

28 Quartz Albite Kaolinite Calcite Opal Particle size distribution
Process Summary Composition Quartz Albite Kaolinite Calcite Opal /1.658/Spectral 1.44 Refractive index Particle size distribution 14 Junge 2 Gaussian 7 Log-Normal OOPS

29 Quartz Albite Kaolinite Calcite Opal Particle size distribution
Process Summary Composition Quartz Albite Kaolinite Calcite Opal /1.658/Spectral 1.44 Refractive index Particle size distribution 14 Junge 2 Gaussian 7 Log-Normal OOPS

30 Quartz Albite Kaolinite Calcite Opal Particle size distribution
Process Summary Composition Quartz Albite Kaolinite Calcite Opal /1.658/Spectral 1.44 Refractive index Particle size distribution 14 Junge 2 Gaussian 7 Log-Normal Concentration CHL TSS CDOM OOPS

31 Quartz Albite Kaolinite Calcite Opal Particle size distribution
Process Summary Composition Quartz Albite Kaolinite Calcite Opal /1.658/Spectral 1.44 Refractive index Particle size distribution 14 Junge 2 Gaussian 7 Log-Normal Concentration CHL TSS CDOM 0 10 0 OOPS

32 Quartz Albite Kaolinite Calcite Opal Particle size distribution
Process Summary Composition Quartz Albite Kaolinite Calcite Opal /1.658/Spectral 1.44 Refractive index Particle size distribution 14 Junge 2 Gaussian 7 Log-Normal Concentration CHL TSS CDOM 0 10 0 OOPS

33 Quartz Albite Kaolinite Calcite Opal Particle size distribution
Process Summary Composition Quartz Albite Kaolinite Calcite Opal /1.658/Spectral 1.44 Refractive index Particle size distribution 14 Junge 2 Gaussian 7 Log-Normal Concentration CHL TSS CDOM 0 10 0 OOPS

34 Quartz Albite Kaolinite Calcite Opal Particle size distribution
Process Summary Composition Quartz Albite Kaolinite Calcite Opal /1.658/Spectral 1.44 Refractive index Particle size distribution 14 Junge 2 Gaussian 7 Log-Normal Concentration CHL TSS CDOM 0 10 0 OOPS

35 Outline Objective Water Modeling Suspended Solids Test Cases Results
Conclusion

36 Original Hydrolight IOP

37 Junge Reflectances

38 Effect of Composition and PSD

39 Lake Ontario Cases

40 Genesee River Plume Cases

41 Conesus Lake Cases

42 Long Pond Cases

43 Different Minerals, Same PSD and Concentration

44 Different PSD’s, Same Mineral and Concentration

45 Different Concentrations, Same Mineral and PSD

46 NIR Region 170 observations of a Junge
105 observations of a Log-Normal

47 ENVI n-D Visualizer

48 Data Cube for Analysis Junges Log-Normals UFI measured Albite
0chl, 10tss, 0cdom Calcite 1.486 Calcite 1.658 Calcite spec 0.7chl, 0.5tss, 0.5tss Kaolinite 4chl, 10tss, 2cdom Opal Quartz 6chl, 10tss, 2cdom 62chl, 22tss, 6cdom

49 Data Cube for Analysis Junges Log-Normals UFI measured Albite
0chl, 10tss, 0cdom Calcite 1.486 Calcite 1.658 Calcite spec 0.7chl, 0.5tss, 0.5tss Kaolinite 4chl, 10tss, 2cdom Opal Quartz 6chl, 10tss, 2cdom 62chl, 22tss, 6cdom

50 Data Cube for Analysis Junges Log-Normals UFI measured Albite
0chl, 10tss, 0cdom Calcite 1.486 Calcite 1.658 Calcite spec 0.7chl, 0.5tss, 0.5tss Kaolinite 4chl, 10tss, 2cdom Opal Quartz 6chl, 10tss, 2cdom 62chl, 22tss, 6cdom

51 Data Cube for Analysis Junges Log-Normals UFI measured
0chl, 10tss, 0cdom Albite 0.7chl, 0.5tss, 0.5tss Calcite 1.486 Calcite 1.658 Calcite spec 4chl, 10tss, 2cdom Kaolinite 6chl, 10tss, 2cdom Opal Quartz 62chl, 22tss, 6cdom

52 Data Cube for Analysis Junges Log-Normals UFI measured
0chl, 10tss, 0cdom 0.7chl, 0.5tss, 0.5tss Albite Calcite 1.486 Calcite 1.658 Calcite spec 4chl, 10tss, 2cdom 6chl, 10tss, 2cdom Kaolinite Opal 62chl, 22tss, 6cdom Quartz

53 ENVI n-D Visualizer J L-N UFI 0, 10, 0 0.7, 0.5, 0.5 4, 10, 2 6, 10, 2
62, 22, 6 ENVI N-D Visualizer Classified Pixels

54 CDOM Classes There is separability between these concentrations that feature a CDOM range of 0-7 Some CHL influence is noticeable

55 CHL Classes Classification by CHL content shows vector branching attributable to varying CDOM concentrations

56 TSS Classes There is no separability between different TSS concentrations

57 Spectral Visualization
5 concentration cases 133 combinations of refractive index and particle size distribution each

58 Spectral Visualization
4 chl, 10 tss, 2 cdom case is not displayed simply for visual clarity

59 Spectral Visualization
4 chl, 10 tss, 2 cdom case is not displayed simply for visual clarity

60 Non-Trivial TSS Separation
Added concentration cases for: 6 chl, 0.5 tss, 2 cdom 6 chl, 5 tss, 2 cdom 6 chl, 15 tss, 2 cdom These all align with 6 chl, 10 tss, 2 cdom

61 Non-Trivial TSS Separation
Added concentration cases for: 6 chl, 0.5 tss, 2 cdom 6 chl, 5 tss, 2 cdom 6 chl, 15 tss, 2 cdom These all align with 6 chl, 10 tss, 2 cdom

62 PSD and Mineral Classes
Differences between PSD’s and mineral types manifest along the same dimension as TSS concentration

63 Vector Direction is CHL/CDOM Dependant
Added cases: 6 chl, 5 tss, 0.2 cdom 6 chl, 10 tss, 0.2 cdom 6 chl, 15 tss, 0.2 cdom Result is another vector

64 Vector Direction is CHL/CDOM Dependant
Added cases: 6 chl, 5 tss, 0.2 cdom 6 chl, 10 tss, 0.2 cdom 6 chl, 15 tss, 0.2 cdom Result is another vector

65 Trend in CDOM Keeping: Add: 6 chl, 10 tss, 2 cdom

66 Trend in CDOM Keeping: Add: 6 chl, 10 tss, 2 cdom

67 Trend in CDOM Same trend seen for different concentration CHL Added:
11 chl, 10 tss, 0.2 cdom 11 chl, 10 tss, 2 cdom 11 chl, 10 tss, 7 cdom

68 Trend in CDOM Same trend seen for different concentration CHL Added:
11 chl, 10 tss, 0.2 cdom 11 chl, 10 tss, 2 cdom 11 chl, 10 tss, 7 cdom

69 Trend in CHL Changing CHL also shows trends Display shows:
2 chl, 10 tss, 2 cdom 6 chl, 10 tss, 2 cdom 11 chl, 10 tss, 2 cdom

70 Trend in CHL Changing CHL also shows trends Display shows:
2 chl, 10 tss, 2 cdom 6 chl, 10 tss, 2 cdom 11 chl, 10 tss, 2 cdom

71 Trend in CHL Added cases: 2 chl, 10 tss, 0.2 cdom

72 Trend in CHL Added cases: 2 chl, 10 tss, 0.2 cdom

73 CDOM Classification 640 concentration cases

74 CDOM Classification Zoom in of higher concentration areas

75 CHL Classification

76 TSS Classification

77 Case 1 vs. Case 2 Waters Case 1 Case 2

78 Conclusions OOPS and Hydrolight model the water-leaving radiance from water bodies given physical and optical properties of constituents A database of reflectance curves representative of case 2 water bodies has been generated Results: TSS concentration and particle composition and size distribution are not separable Possible exception is for very low absorption cases CDOM and CHL have spectral effects that allow for theoretical separation

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