1. Chapter 3: Matter— Properties and Change
Table of Contents
Chapter 3: Matter— Properties and Change
Physical & Chemical Changes
Classification of Matter
Separating Mixtures

2. Review Hardness, solubility, density, melting point,
Without looking at your notes, list as many physical properties as you can
You could have included…
Hardness,
solubility,
density,
melting point,
electrical conductivity,
boiling point,
and physical state (solid, liquid, or gas).

3. Chapter 3: Matter— Properties and Change Physical and Chemical Changes
Table of Contents
Chapter 3: Matter—
Properties and Change
Physical and Chemical Changes

4. ex) Crumpling of a sheet of aluminum foil.
Matter—Properties and Change: Basic Concepts
Physical Changes
- Physical changes: Changes which alter a substance without changing its composition
ex) Crumpling of a sheet of aluminum foil.
Why is that a physical change?
While the foil goes from a smooth, flat, mirror-like sheet to a round, compact ball, the actual composition of the foil is unchanged—it is still aluminum

5. - States: solid, liquid, gas,
Matter—Properties and Change: Basic Concepts
Physical Changes
The state of matter depends on the temperature and pressure of the surroundings.
- States: solid, liquid, gas,

6. A chemical property always relates to a chemical change
Chemistry and Matter: Basic Concepts
Chemical Changes
A chemical property always relates to a chemical change
Chemical change: the change of one or more substances into other substances
chemical change = chemical reaction.

7. Recognizing Chemical Reactions
Chemical Reactions and Equations: Basic Concepts
Recognizing Chemical Reactions
A few clues that indicate when chemical reactions occur:
Change in…
temperature
color
odor
appearance (ex. phase)

8. explode, rust, oxidize, corrode, tarnish, ferment, burn, rot,
Matter—Properties and Change: Basic Concepts
Chemical Changes
Terms like
explode, rust, oxidize, corrode, tarnish, ferment, burn, rot,
refer to chemical reactions in which reactant substances produce different product substances.

9. Moisture in the air forms beads of water on a cold windowpane.
TRY IT OUT! Identify each of the following as an example of a chemical change or a physical change.
Moisture in the air forms beads of water
on a cold windowpane.
Physical
B. An electric current changes water into
hydrogen and oxygen.
Chemical
C. Yeast cells in bread dough make carbon
dioxide an ethanol from sugar.
Chemical
balloon

10. We need to be able to distinguish between different types of matter
Table of Contents
Chapter 3: Matter—
Properties and Change
Classification of Matter
We need to be able to distinguish between different types of matter
Simpler? See Zach, General, 09-10, 02 Matter Classification, 01 Classification of Matter, ppt

11. Heterogeneous materials Heterogeneous mixtures
You picked up this handout
(right?)
MATTER
Homogenous materials
Heterogeneous materials
Mixtures
SAME
Substances
Homogeneous mixtures
(Solutions)
Heterogeneous mixtures
Chemical change
Physical change
Elements
Compounds

12. Matter
Logic Chart N Y
Q1? N Y
Q2? N Y
Q3?
water, salt, sand

13. QUESTION 1: Is there more than 1 phase?
YES – heterogeneous mixture
A mixture: a combination of two or more substances in which the basic identity (properties) of each substance is not changed.
individual substances remain distinct.
Cloudy or nontransparent – 2 phases
ex) sand and water
NO – homogenous

14. Q2: If homogenous, more than 1 type of substance?
YES – homogenous mixture (solution)
Uniform throughout – 1 phase
Usually transparent
Separated by physical means (substances cannot)
Often have more than 1 version (gasoline, milk, etc.)
ex) salt water
NO – substance: (element or compound)

15. Q3: If substance, is there more than 1 type of atom?
NO – element
a pure substance that cannot be separated into simpler substances
YES – compound
a combination of different elements that are combined chemically.
can be broken down into simpler substances by chemical means

16. N Y N Y N Y Logic Chart More than 1 phase?
Matter
Homogeneous
Substances
Elements
Compounds
Solutions
Heterogeneous
Logic Chart N Y
More than 1 phase? N Y
More than 1 type of substance? N Y
More than 1 type of atom?

17. Heterogeneous materials Heterogeneous mixtures
- Chemical property = observed by creating a new substance
- Physical property = defines each substance
MATTER
Contains more than 1 phase
Contains 1 phase
Homogenous materials
Heterogeneous materials
Mixtures
SAME
Substances
Homogeneous mixtures
(Solutions)
Heterogeneous mixtures
Unique physical & chemical properties
Chemical change
Physical change
Elements
Compounds
Solute =
Solvent =
Aqueous =
dissolved
dissolver
water is solvent
Composed of 1 type of atom
2 or more atoms bonded together

18. Additional Assessment Questions
Practice
Identify each of the following as an example of an element or a compound.
A. sucrose (table sugar)
compound
B. the helium in a balloon
element
C. baking soda
compound
D. a diamond
element

19. Separated by physical method
Matter—Properties and Change: Additional Concepts
Mixtures
Heterogeneous mixtures or homogenous mixtures?
Sand in water
Salt in water
Separated by physical method
mixed, not reacted
boiling

20. Practice
Identify each of the following as an example of a homogeneous mixture or a heterogeneous mixture.
70% isopropyl rubbing alcohol
homogeneous
B. a pile of rusty iron filings
heterogeneous
C. concrete
heterogeneous
D. saltwater
homogeneous
E. gasoline
homogeneous
F. bread
heterogeneous

21. Chapter 3: Matter— Properties and Change Separating Mixtures
Table of Contents
Chapter 3: Matter—
Properties and Change
Separating Mixtures
Heterogeneous and Homogenous mixtures can be separated by physical means

22. Heterogeneous mixtures
Mixtures – Separation Techniques
1) Filtration uses a porous barrier to separate a solid from a liquid.
Heterogeneous mixtures
2) Distillation is based on differences in the boiling points of the substances involved
Homogenous mixtures

23. Mixtures – Separation Techniques
3) Crystallization results in the formation of pure solid particles of a substance
- the substance was originally dissolved
4) Chromatography separates the components of a mixture by their tendency to travel across the surface of another material