1. Solubility

2. Solutions
Solutions are homogeneous mixtures containing two or more substances called the solute and the solvent. The solvent is the largest part of the solution and the solute is the smallest part of the solution

3. Gases: Air = Oxygen + Nitrogen
Solutions
Even though most solutions are liquid, solutions do exist as solids, liquids and gases.
Gases: Air = Oxygen + Nitrogen
Liquids
Solid Alloys

4. Sugar and Water Soluble Oil and Water Insoluble
Solubility
Some substances readily combine to form solutions, others do not. A substance that dissolves in a solvent is said to be soluble. For example, sugar is soluble in water.
A substance that will not dissolve in a solvent is said to be insoluble, like oil and water.
Sugar and Water Soluble
Oil and Water Insoluble

5. Solvation
Solvation is the process of the solute particles breaking apart the solute crystal into particles the size of ions. If water is the solvent, this is accomplished by the polarity of the water molecule. One of the characteristics of a solution is that the particles of solute do not settle to the bottom of the container. This occurs because the particles (atoms and ions) are so small that they are unaffected by gravity.

6. Factors that Affect the Rate of Solvation
Solvation can be increased by increasing the number of times atoms or molecules touch each other, and this is done by:
Agitating (mixing, stirring, shaking) the mixture
Increasing the surface area of the mixture
Increasing the temperature of the mixture

7. Solvation = Crystal Formation
Solubility
Solubility refers to the maximum amount of solute that will dissolve in a given amount of solvent at a specified temperature and pressure. As a substance is being solvated, eventually a point will be reached where the particles of solute will begin to collide and reform the crystal. At this point, the solute is said to be in equilibrium, or saturated.
This solution is saturated because:
Solvation = Crystal Formation

8. Supersaturated Solutions
A supersaturated solution is one that is holding more solute than a saturated solution at the same temperature and pressure. The diet coke and Mentos explosion is a good example of this. The CO2 that is present in a carbonated drink is much greater than the normal saturation level for CO2. When nucleated sites (Mentos) are placed into the carbonated drink, suddenly the CO2 “jumps” out of solution and the famous Mentos explosion occurs.