1. Unit 2 Lesson 4 Effects of Energy Transfer
Big Idea:
Energy exists in different forms and can change form one form to another but energy is always conserved.
Unit 2 Lesson 4 Effects of Energy Transfer
Essential Question: How does the use of energy resources affect the environment?
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2. What do we use ENERGY for?
In a circle map, brainstorm different sources of energy. Where does energy come from?

3. Check the Source! How do people use energy?
Unit 2 Lesson 4 Effects of Energy Transfer
Check the Source!
How do people use energy?
What are sources of energy?
Energy is the capacity to do work.
People use energy to: heat and cool their homes, provide light, manufacture goods, produce and prepare food, and move vehicles.
The sun is Earth’s main source of energy.
When it reaches Earth, the sun’s energy can be stored in different ways:
Stored in green plants
Stored in minerals
Internal heat - geothermal
An energy source is an available source of stored energy that humans can use.
6) Examples of objects that use energy:
TV, Radio, microwave, stovetop, oven, refrigerator, lights

4. Nonrenewable Resource
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Unit 2 Lesson 4 Effects of Energy Transfer
What are sources of energy?
Renewable Resource
an energy source that can be easily reproduced or replaced by nature.
replaced at a rate equal to or greater than the rate at which they are used
Some examples: are sunlight, wind, trees, and crops.
Nonrenewable Resource
an energy source that cannot be produced, grown, or cannot be restored as fast as it is used
minerals such as uranium are nonrenewable because they can no longer be formed.
Other examples : coal, petroleum, and natural gas.
They formed over millions of years below Earth’s surface.
Both: Resources used by humans to transform stored energy into useful forms of energy 4

5. Running out of Gas! What are some fossil fuels? p138
Unit 2 Lesson 4 Effects of Energy Transfer
Running out of Gas!
What are some fossil fuels?
Fossil fuels are energy resources made from carbon-rich plant and animal remains.
Fossil fuels are nonrenewable because they take millions of years to form.
There are 3 types of Fossil Fuels: Coal, Petroleum and Natural Gas
Burning fossil fuels produces carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas, as well as harmful acids and other forms of pollution. 5

6. What are some fossil fuels?
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Unit 2 Lesson 4 Effects of Energy Transfer
What are some fossil fuels?
Coal is a sedimentary rock formed from the remains of dead plants at the bottom of ancient swamps.
Coal mining can involve removing soil and rocks or creating deep mines.
These processes can destroy landscapes and pollute water supplies.

7. What are some fossil fuels?
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Unit 2 Lesson 4 Effects of Energy Transfer
What are some fossil fuels?
Some fossil fuels are gases that became trapped in rock formations.
Methane is the main component of natural gas.
Natural gas burns more cleanly than other fossil fuels. However, it does produce carbon dioxide upon burning, and leaks can be dangerous.

8. What are some fossil fuels?
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Unit 2 Lesson 4 Effects of Energy Transfer
What are some fossil fuels?
Petroleum means “rock oil.” It formed from the remains of single-celled aquatic organisms that lived long ago.
After petroleum is mined, it is separated into fuels such as gasoline, diesel, and jet fuel.
Transporting oil can result in spills that pollute the environment and harm wildlife. Burning petroleum produces pollutants.
Natural gas and petroleum are formed from buried organic matter. 8

9. What transformations do fossil fuels undergo?
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Unit 2 Lesson 4 Effects of Energy Transfer
What transformations do fossil fuels undergo?
First, raw fossil fuels are obtained by drilling or mining.
Then, they are transported, converted into useful forms, stored, and burned for energy.
Each transformation can potentially affect the environment in negative ways. 9

10. 10) A – burning gasoline pollutes the air we breathe
Unit 2 Lesson 4 Effects of Energy Transfer
8) All types of fossil fuels produce greenhouse gases and other forms of pollution.
9) Over millions of years and with heat and pressure, decaying organic matter turns into fossil fuels.
10) A – burning gasoline pollutes the air we breathe
B- Oil spills harm birds and other wildlife, destroys ecosystems 10

11. Alternative Sources of Energy Read pg 140-142 and fill in notes
Energy source
What is it
Renewable or nonrenewable
Advantages
Disadvantages
Solar
Nuclear
Hydroelectric
Wind
Geothermal
Burning Biomass
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12. Nature’s Storehouse What are some alternative sources of energy? p140
Unit 2 Lesson 4 Effects of Energy Transfer
Nature’s Storehouse
What are some alternative sources of energy?
An alternative energy source is a resource that can be used in place of fossil fuels.
Solar energy is renewable energy from the sun that can be converted into electrical energy.
Solar energy is free and clean.
However, the technologies for solar energy aren’t widely used. Also, sunlight does not fall evenly over Earth.
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13. What are some alternative sources of energy?
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Unit 2 Lesson 4 Effects of Energy Transfer
What are some alternative sources of energy?
Splitting the nuclei of a kilogram of uranium atoms releases thousands of times more energy than burning the same mass of coal releases.
Converts nuclear energy into electrical energy
Nuclear energy is nonrenewable because minerals in Earth’s crust cannot be replaced.
Nuclear power plants do not produce carbon dioxide, but they produce harmful radioactive wastes that must be safely stored.
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14. What are some alternative sources of energy?
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Unit 2 Lesson 4 Effects of Energy Transfer
What are some alternative sources of energy?
Hydroelectric energy is energy from fast-moving rivers or water flowing downhill through dams.
Hydroelectric energy is powered by the water cycle, so it is a renewable resource.
However, flooding the land to produce reservoirs can destroy habitats, and dams can disrupt migratory paths of fish and lead to erosion.
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15. What are some alternative sources of energy?
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Unit 2 Lesson 4 Effects of Energy Transfer
What are some alternative sources of energy?
Wind energy is a renewable resource generated when the blades of wind turbines turn.
Wind energy doesn’t produce any pollution.
However, it depends on strong winds and can harm birds that fly too close to the blades.
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16. What are some alternative sources of energy?
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Unit 2 Lesson 4 Effects of Energy Transfer
What are some alternative sources of energy?
Geothermal energy is extracted from heat stored within Earth.
It is available near hot springs, geysers, or active volcanoes.
Geothermal energy is renewable, but it is found only in specific areas on Earth.
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17. What are some alternative sources of energy?
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Unit 2 Lesson 4 Effects of Energy Transfer
What are some alternative sources of energy?
Biomass is a renewable resource that includes living or recently dead organic material that can be used as a fuel.
Examples of biomass are trees, crops, and decaying organic mater.
However, burning biomass releases carbon dioxide.
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18. Energy from the sun converted to electrical energy Renewable
Alternative Sources of Energy
Read pg and fill in notes
Energy source
What is it
Renewable or nonrenewable
Advantages
Disadvantages
Solar
Nuclear
Hydroelectric
Wind
Geothermal
Burning Biomass
Energy from the sun converted to electrical energy
Technologies not widely used
Sun does not fall evenly over Earth
Renewable
Nonpolluting
Converts nuclear (uranium) into electrical energy
Does not produce CO2
Radioactive waste, dangerous accidents
Nonrenewable
Energy from fast moving water converted into electrical energy
Creating dams destroy habitats, disrupts migratory paths of fish, erosion
Renewable
Clean
Generates electrical energy when the blades of the turbines turn
Depends on strong winds. Can harm birds that fly to close
Renewable
Clean
Found mostly in specific areas
Heat extracted from within the Earth
Renewable
Clean
Burning organic material for fuel
Releases CO2
Reduces waste in landfills
Renewable
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19. What makes renewable resources attractive as energy source?
Why are people interested in finding an alternative to energy from fossil fuels?

20. p143
Unit 2 Lesson 4 Effects of Energy Transfer
Acid Rain
Burning fossil fuels produces sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides. Acid rain forms when these gases combine with water in the air and fall to Earth as rain.
Acid rain harms aquatic life, damages the leaves of trees, and causes substances toxic to trees to be released from the soil.
The acids in acid rain react with metals, marble, and stone, affecting buildings and statues.
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