1. Equations and Inequalities
Chapter 2
Equations and Inequalities

2. Chapter Sections 2.1 – Solving Linear Equations
2.2 – Problem Solving and Using Formulas
2.3 – Applications of Algebra
2.4 – Additional Application Problems
2.5 – Solving Linear Inequalities
2.6 – Solving Equations and Inequalities Containing Absolute Values
Chapter 1 Outline

3. Applications of Algebra
§ 2.3
Applications of Algebra

4. Translate a Verbal Statement into an Algebraic Expression or Equation
Phrase
Algebraic Expression
A number increased by 8
x + 8
Twice a number 2x
7 less than a number
x – 7
One-ninth of a number
(1/9)x or x/9
2 more than 3 times a number
3x + 2
4 less than 6 times a number
6x – 4
12 times the sum of a number and 5
12(x + 5)

5. Solving Equations Example:
Express each phrase as an algebraic expression.
a) the radius, r, decreased by 9 centimeters
b) 5 less than twice the distance, d
c) 7 times a number, n, increased by 8
Solution:
a) r – 9 b) 2d – 5 c)7n + 8

6. Use the Problem-Solving Procedure
Problem-Solving Procedure for Solving Application Problems
Understand the problem. Identity the quantity or quantities you are being asked to find.
Translate the problem into mathematical language (express the problems as an equation).
Carry out the mathematical calculations (solve the equation).
Check the answer (using the original wording of the problem).
Answer the question asked.

7. Solving Equations Example:
FCI Network offers its customers choices of several long-distance calling plans. The Nationwide Plan requires customers to pay a $5 monthly fee and 8 cents per minute for any long-distance calls made. The Flat Rate Unlimited Plan has a $25 monthly fee for unlimited calling—in other words, there is no per-minute fee. How many minutes of long-distance calls would a customer need to use for the two plans to cost the same amount?

8. Solving Equations Understand Translate
We are asked to find the number of minutes of long-distance calls that would results in both plans having the same total cost. To solve the problem we will write algebraic expressions for each plan and then set these expressions equal to each other.
Translate
Let n = number of minutes of long-distance calls.
Then 0.08n = cost for n minutes at 8 cents per minute.
Cost of Nationwide Plan = Cost of Flat Rate Unlimited Plan

9. Solving Equations Example continued: Translate Monthly fee 5
Cost for n minutes
0.08n 25
Monthly fee
plus +
is equal to =

10. Solving Equations
Example continued:
Solve

11. Solving Equations Example continued: Check the answer
Check: The answer is reasonable and the arithmetic is easily checked.
Answer: If 250 minutes were used per month, both plans would have the same total cost.