1. The Rise of Fascism

2. Today’s Standard Essential Question
10.7 Students analyze the rise of totalitarian governments after World War I.
How did Mussolini and Hitler gain power and how did they use Fascism/Nazism to control the people?
Essential Question

3. Crisis Leads to Fascism
Worldwide depression lead to millions loosing faith in democracy
Fascism: loyalty to state & obedience to leader, extreme nationalism, one-party rule
Fascist promise – revive economy, punish those responsible, restore national pride

4. Mussolini Comes to Power
Mussolini: Promises to rescue economy & rebuild army
1919: Founded Fascist Party
Black Shirts wage terror
1921 election  Fascists included on ballot
they win 35 seats.
October, 1922  Mussolini threatened a coup d’etat.
“March on Rome”  25,000 Black Shirts staged demonstrations (riots/protests) throughout the capital.

5. Mussolini Forms a Government
King Victor Emmanuel III makes Mussolini Prime Minister
Giving Mussolini the power to lead Italy
1925  Mussolini seized dictatorial powers during a political crisis
Black Shirts murdered one of Mussolini’s chief Socialist critics, Giacomo Matteotti = no more compeititon

6. Mussolini Consolidate Power (1925-1931)
New laws passed to create a single-party state:
Independent political parties & trade unions were abolished.
Strict Censorship for press and radio.
Special courts created to persecute any political opposition.
National police force created
with a secret police component.

7. A Young Benito Mussolini

8. Mussolini in the early part of his dictatorship

9. Mussolini the Orator

10. Mussolini Was Hitler’s Role Model

11. Weimar Republic Rise and Fall
Weak democratic gov’t in Germany led by a chancellor (prime minister)
faced weak leadership and severe inflation
People blamed the Weimar Republic for the hated Treaty of Versailles.
U.S. Depression cause German economy to collapse  30% unemployed
Grave of Weimar republic

12. Hitler in his mid to late 30’s

13. Hitler & the Nazis
Nat’l Socialist German Worker’s Party, known as Nazis  German brand of fascism
1919 Hitler joined Nazi’s
Main goal is to overthrow Treaty of Versailles
He is chosen as der Führer (leader) of Nazis
Hitler organizes supporters into “storm troopers” to fight against political enemies

14. Hitler’s Rise to Power
Nazis try to seize power in the Beer Hall Puscht (1923)  Hitler jailed
Mein Kampf (My Struggle)  becomes blueprint for Nazis
Aryans = master race
Jews, Slavs, Gypsies, Homosexuals inferior
Blamed all countries problems on Jews
Get Germany more Lebensraum (living space)

15. Hitler Becomes Chancellor
Germans look for strong leader By 1932, Nazis largest political party
1933 Hitler named chancellor  Within 1 year he is dictator of Germany
Night of Long Knives – June 30, 1934
Hitler’s Purge killed a minimum of 85 people
Killed political rivals
Creates totalitarian state
Suspended civil rights
Disbanded all political parties
Executed disloyal Nazis

16. Hitler’s Totalitarian Government
SS (elite military unit) & Gestapo (secret police) terrorize, arrest, & kill
Propaganda, indoctrination, & censorship
Controlled all areas of German life
Enemies arrested or killed
A warrant disc identified an operative as Gestapo without revealing personal identity.
Insignia pins worn on SS commissioned and non-commissioned officers’ hats

17. Campaign against the Jews
Hatred of Jews (anti-Semitism)
Nuremburg Laws- laws deprive Jews of rights including:
German citizenship;
marrying non-Jews;
attending or teaching at German schools;
practicing law or medicine;
publishing books
1935 chart from Nazi Germany used to explain the Nuremberg Laws

18. Kristallnacht
Violence against Jews -(Kristallnacht) “Night of Broken Glass” November 7, 1938

19. Kristallnacht

20. 267 Synagogues burned or destroyed

21. Jewish Cemeteries Desecrated by Nazis

22. November Jews arrested during Kristallnacht line up for roll call at the Buchenwald concentration camp

23. Hitler w/ child