1. Biochemistry: The Chemical Basis of Life
Dr. Nichols Coronado HS

3. Gathering Information
# of Protons: Atomic Number, easy!
# of Electrons: Atoms by definition have no charge so the number of protons is too the number of electrons.
# of Neutrons: Atomic weight is the total number of atoms in the nucleus.
Example: Krypton’s mass number is 83.80, round to 84 for the neutron calculation. So….
For Krypton: 84=(number of protons)+(number of neutrons), SOLVE!??!?!
Practice, solve for: K, C, O and Br. (On your notes)

4. The very basics, the essentials!

6. Finding the Number of Valence Electrons

7. Where are valence electrons?
Outer most orbital, highest overall energy (most potential energy)

8. Octet Rule
“OCT”-Meaning 8
A valence electron is an electron associated with an atom that can participate in the formation of a chemical bond (Covalent mostly).

9. Electronegativity: How strongly an atom pulls electrons towards it.

11. Structure of Atoms and Bonding (Covalence)

12. Hydrogen Bonds: Most common, most important to Biology.

13. Hydrogen Bonds Continued

14. Ionic Bonds: A type of chemical bond formed through an electrostatic attraction between two oppositely charged ions.

15. Ion Formation.

16. Properties of Water- 1.) Solvent

17. 2.) Cohesion & Adhesion: Not exclusive to water.

18. Surface Tension: Not exclusive to water.

19. Acid-Base Reactions and pH

21. Key Idea

22. Examples

24. Get your mind right, prepare yourself!
Energy
Get your mind right, prepare yourself!

25. Types of Energy

26. In General

27. Potential Energy (Ep)- An object gains or loses its ability to store energy based on it’s position.

29. More Examples!

30. Polarity
Definition: Describes how equally bonding electrons are shared between atoms. (atoms and bonds can be described as being polar vs. non-polar.