1. GCSE LEVEL PE
Lesson 11
A healthy active lifestyle and your respiratory system
Respiratory System – 1
How the respiratory system works

2. How many breathes do you take per minute?
Connector
How many breathes do you take per minute?
Average human takes 21 breaths?
What happens as a result of exercise?
Can you explain why?

3. Key Words Respiratory System Tidal Volume Vital Capacity Oxygen Debt
Alveoli
Gas Exchange 3

4. Big Picture
You will use your prior knowledge from PE and science to learn about the structure and function of the respiratory system.
You will learn about the process of gas exchange and why it is important in exercise through student, teacher and input from powerpoint and text book. 4

5. Learning Outcomes
All students will have an understanding of the structure and how the respiratory system works.
All students will be able to explain what happens during gaseous exchange.
Most will be able to explain where gaseous exchange takes place and why it is important in exercise. 5

6. The Respiratory System Key Questions?
What do you know about the respiratory system and what it does?
Do all athletes breathe as heavily after an event or training session?
Why do you think athletes in events such as the 400m are gasping for breath when they finish? Michael Johnson
Kelly Holmes
Have you ever felt breathless after exercise? What were you doing?

7. Which gases make up the air we breath in and out?
Inspired Air
Expired Air
Oxygen
20%
16%
Carbon Dioxide
0.04% 4%
Nitrogen
79%
Other Gases 1%
Can you explain why there is a difference in gases between inspired and expired air?
Why would expired air resuscitation (EAR) work on a casualty who was not breathing?

8. What Happens to the Air we Breath In?
The route of air into the lungs...
Air passes through the nose and mouth and then onto the pharynx, larynx and trachea.
The trachea splits into two tubes called bronchi (each one is a bronchus) – one going to each lung.
The bronchi split into progressively smaller tubes called bronchioles.
The bronchioles finally end at small bags called alveoli (each one is an alveolus) where the gas exchange takes place.

9. How is Oxygen Absorbed. http://www. youtube. com/watch
Each bronchus divides into bronchioles and then into tiny air sacs called alveoli
The alveoli are covered by capillaries
Here oxygen is exchanged into the blood and carbon dioxide taken out of the blood
CO2 Out
^*#{}#*^
SHOW peedy, peedy.acs, 74, 75
PLAY Wave
SAY Hello there.
PLAY Explain
SAY Did you listen to ^EMPHASIS^Tom on the last slide? ^PAUSE=1300^
PLAY Decline
SAY Yes I know, ^PAUSE=300^ you prefer me of course! ^PAUSE=1300^
PLAY Pleased
PLAY GestureUp
SAY He said to think of the lungs as an upside down tree. ^PAUSE=600^ Splitting from the trunk, ^PAUSE=300^ the trachea, ^PAUSE=300^ into two large stems the {bromk eye=bronchi} ^PAUSE=300^ and then into branches, ^PAUSE=300^the {bronkiols=bronchioles.} ^PAUSE=300^
PLAY GestureRight
SAY The alveoli then, ^PAUSE=300^ and the {ka pillarys=capillaries} that cover them, ^PAUSE=300^ could be thought of as the ^EMPHASIS^leaves. ^PAUSE=1300^
PLAY LookRight
SAY This picture is really enlarged! ^PAUSE=1300^
SAY In fact the lung tissue is mainly made up of ^EMPHASIS^millions ^PAUSE=300^ of these little alveoli, ^PAUSE=300^ with their covering of {ka pillarys=capillaries}. ^PAUSE=1300^
SAY As it shows here, ^PAUSE=300^ this is where the oxygen is ^EMPHASIS^absorbed ^PAUSE=300^ and the carbon dioxide got rid of. ^PAUSE=1300^
PLAY Think
SAY ^PAUSE=600^
SAY Ingenious, {dont=don’t} you think? ^PAUSE=700^
END
O2 In.

10. So What is the Main Function of the Respiratory System?
Takes in oxygen
How?
Removes carbon dioxide
Where does CO2 come from?
Write a paragraph to describe gaseous exchange in your own words?

11. The Main Function of the Respiratory System is?
GASEOUS EXCHANGE

12. The mechanisms of breathing (inspiration and expiration)
Inspiration is when we breathe in
Expiration is when we breathe out
The lungs are situated in a flexible sealed space called the thorax
At the bottom of the thorax is the diaphragm
As the chest expands the diaphragm contracts and pulls down creating a vacuum which allows air to enter
^*#{}#*^
SHOW tom, tom.acs, 43, 68
PLAY Wave
PLAY Explain
SAY There are in fact ^EMPHASIS^two muscles ^PAUSE=300^ or to be more accurate ^PAUSE=300^ groups of muscles ^PAUSE=300^ that allow us to breathe. ^PAUSE=1300^
PLAY GestureRight
SAY The diaphragm is explained here. ^PAUSE=1300^
PLAY Explain2
SAY There are also the ^EMPHASIS^intercostal muscles. ^PAUSE=1300^
PLAY Announce2
SAY The intercostals are around the rib cage. ^PAUSE=600^ When you breathe in ^PAUSE=300^ they contract, ^PAUSE=300^ pulling your rib cage up ^PAUSE=300^ and expanding the lungs. ^PAUSE=1300^
PLAY Explain3
SAY They then ^EMPHASIS^relax to lower the rib cage ^PAUSE=300^ when we breathe out. ^PAUSE=1300^
PLAY Alert
SAY We could try a demonstration! ^PAUSE=1300^
PLAY HandsOnHips
SAY Are you breathing now? ^PAUSE=1300^
PLAY Search
SAY I am not sure about some of you at the back! ^PAUSE=1300^
PLAY Think
SAY But then again you ^EMPHASIS^must be. ^PAUSE=600^ You see breathing is involuntary, ^PAUSE=300^ your body does it without you thinking about it. ^PAUSE=600^
PLAY Acknowledge
SAY Just as well given how lazy some people are! ^PAUSE=1300^
SAY But it is also voluntary. ^PAUSE=600^ You can ^EMPHASIS^make yourself breathe. ^PAUSE=500^ Lets try that now. ^PAUSE=700^ Take a deep breath. ^PAUSE=1300^
PLAY Surprised
SAY ^PAUSE=2300^
PLAY Confused
SAY Did you feel your intercostals working ^PAUSE=300^ and lift your rib cage? ^PAUSE=1300^
SAY Did you also feel the diaphragm ^PAUSE=300^ contract and relax? ^PAUSE=300^
PLAY Pleased
SAY Well {thats=that’s} it. ^PAUSE=200^ You passed the test! ^PAUSE=500^ Congratulations!^PAUSE=400^
PLAY Congratulate
SAY You are alive! ^PAUSE=300^
END
When the diaphragm relaxes the lungs contract and air is forced out
Breathing is both voluntary and involuntary, what does this mean?.

13. The mechanisms of breathing (inspiration and expiration)
Take a deep breath... What happens?
Inspiration
Intercostals and the diaphragm contract to make the chest cavity larger
Air is pushed into the lungs by the air pressure outside
Expiration
The intercostals and the diaphragm relax to make the chest cavity smaller
The lungs are squeezed and air is force out

14. Do all athletes breathe as heavily after an event or training session?
The fitter the athlete the more efficient the respiratory system will work.
Allowing
More oxygen to reach the blood....
Therefore
More blood to reach the muscles....
Why is this important?
Oxygen is needed to keep the muscles working.
Carbon dioxide needs to be removed.

15. Tidal Volume and Vital Capacity
Two measurements which are used to estimate the efficiency of the respiratory system.
Definitions
Tidal volume – is the amount of air inspired and expired with each normal breath at resting or during exercise.
Vital capacity – is the greatest amount of air that can be made to pass into and out of the lungs by the most forceful inspiration and expiration. (Usually 4 – 5 litres).

16. Review Answer the following questions;
What do you know about the respiratory system and what it does?
Do all athletes breathe as heavily after an event or training session?
Explain why gas exchange is important to an athlete?