1. The Cell
A Review

2. The Cell Robert Hooke discovered and named cells in 1665
the invention of the light microscope enabled scientists to view the cell and some of its larger organelles
in the 1950’s, microscope technology changed
electron microscope invented
resolution is 1000x better than the light microscope
could see smaller organelles

3. The Cell Cell Theory The cell is the smallest functional unit of life.
All living things are composed of one or more cells.
All cells come from pre-existing cells.

4. The Cell Eukaryotic vs Prokaryotic Cell Size
metabolism sets limits on cell size
as an object increases in size, its volume increases more than its surface area
a low surface area-to-volume ratio (SA/vol) → decrease in ability for a cell to exchange material with its environment
a high surface area-to-volume ratio (SA/vol) → more exchange can occur more rapidly
therefore, larger organisms don’t have larger cells, they have more little cells

5. The Cell Structures of the Cell
Plasma membrane - the semi-permeable phospholipid bilayer that surrounds the cell
Cytoplasm
Nucleus
Mitochondria
Ribosomes

6. The Cell Structures of the Cell continued
Endoplasmic reticulum (rough and smooth)
Golgi Apparatus
Lysosomes
Vacuoles
Microfilaments/microtubules

7. The Cell Structures of the Cell continued…
Centrioles
Cell Wall
Chloroplasts
Peroxisomes
Differences between Plant and Animal Cells
Transport Across Membranes: Active vs. Passive
Endocytosis vs. Exocytosis
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