1. Where is the information to build the body stored?

2. What is the most important molecule in the biological world?

3. DNA

4. Why is DNA so important?
stores genetic information
can copy the genetic information
stable (maintains accurate genetic info.)

5. The Size of DNA...
If the DNA of one cell is stretched out, it makes a 7 ft. long string
There are about 100 trillion cells in the human body
If you connected all the DNA together, it would be long enough that
it would take light over 10 hours to travel its length
(ruptured bacteria)
This is a whole lot of information

6. When was DNA discovered to be the genetic material?
Not too long ago!!!

7. How was DNA discovered to be the genetic material?
Griffith’s experiments 1928
Avery, Macleod, and McCarty 1944
Hershey and Chase 1952

8. Dead S BACTERIA +live R BACTERIA
Dead S BACTERIA + heat ?
Dead S BACTERIA +live R BACTERIA ?

9. Dead S BACTERIA +live R BACTERIA
+ protease
+ protease
Dead S BACTERIA +live R BACTERIA
+ RNAse
+ RNAse
+ DNAse
Dead S BACTERIA +live R BACTERIA
+ DNAse

10. Bacteriophage

11. ? ?

12. Where is DNA located?

15. What is the structure of DNA?

16. James Watson and Francis Crick
Elucidated the structure of DNA
1953
Awarded Nobel Prize in 1962

17. Rosalind
Franklin
took x-ray
diffraction
photos of
DNA

19. The building block of DNA

20. Chargaff’s Rule
amount of A always = T
amount of G always = C

21. Base Pairing

25. A G T C

28. How is DNA like a spiral staircase?

29. Structure of DNA Double helix* two coiled strands of
nucleotides running
antiparallel to each other
(in opposite directions )
*helix – shape of a twisted coil
that can fit into a
cylinder

30. How is DNA like a ladder?

31. DNA – deoxyribonucleic acid – a “twisted ladder “
sides of ladder – sugar and phosphate groups
steps of ladder – pairs of nitrogenous bases

32. Single DNA Strand
Base Pairing
Double DNA Strand
Formation
of a
chromosome
Double Helix

33. Formation of a chromosome

34. When does a cell make a copy of its DNA?
Before it divides

35. How does DNA copy itself?
How does DNA store
genetic information?

36. DNA Replication animation
Simple one below

37. DNA Replication A G GC CTG T C CG GAC A G GC CTG T C CG GAC A G GC CTG

39. C G C T T A T T A A A T G G C T T A A A T G G C

40. What is the DNA sequence on the other strand of DNA?G T C T C A G
What is the DNA sequence on the other strand of DNA?

41. If DNA is too big to leave the nucleus, then how does it instruct the formation of proteins?
messenger RNA

42. Transcription

43. Transcription
the copying of the genetic message from a strand of DNA into a molecule of mRNA (messenger RNA)

44. * Remember RNA has U instead of T
Transcribe the following DNA sequence into a mRNA* sequence:
T A C G T A A C G C G C
* Remember RNA has U instead of T
A U G C A U U G C G C G

45. What are the differences between DNA and RNA?

46. Differences between DNA and RNA
contains ribose sugar instead of deoxyribose
RNA contains uracil (U) instead of thymine (T)
RNA is single-stranded