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Water, Waves & Underwater Ocean Features
Oceans Water, Waves & Underwater Ocean Features
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What does the bottom of the ocean look like?
Covered in sand?
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Covered in Plants?
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Covered in Mountains?
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Lets Take A Look
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Features of the Ocean Floor
The landscapes found deep beneath the ocean are as dramatic as any found onshore! Jagged Peaks muddy plains Trenches Mountains
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Features of the Ocean Floor
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Basin Low Flat Also called an Abyssal Plain
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Abyssal Plain ● An underwater plain on the deep ocean floor, usually between 3000 and 6000 m. ● Lying generally between a continental rise and a mid-ocean ridge, abyssal plains cover more than 50% of the Earth’s surface. ● They are among the flattest, smoothest and least explored regions on Earth.
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Continental rise Moving upwards towards shore
Made of a mixture of sediments Turbidity!!! --- how clean or dirty the water looks Murkiness is caused by small underwater avalanches of sand and sediment Less habitats
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Continental Slope ● Steepest!!!! ● Minimal Habitats
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Continental Shelf Shallowest What we see when we go to the beach
Lots of Habitats and Creatures Warmer water (sunlight) Like a shelf !! before it drops off into deep ocean
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Trench ●Underwater canyon ●Deepest places on Earth ●Coldest
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Seamounts Underwater Mountains and Volcanoes
Those that surface above water are known as islands Hawaii
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What about Landforms above water created by the ocean?
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Barrier Islands sea levels storms waves tides Longshore currents
● Barrier islands are constantly on the move. ● Migrating under the influence of changing sea levels storms waves tides Longshore currents They form when sediment piles up on itself and eventually reaches the surface.
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Now that we know what is under the water, lets look at the water characteristics & see how that water moves…..
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Ocean Water Temperature ●Salinity
Amount of dissolved particles in the water ● Usually measures salt ● Parts per/thousands = 35 per 1000 Temperature Decreases with increasing depth
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Waves ● A Wave is a rhythmic movement that carries energy through matter or space. ● In oceans, waves move through seawater
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Crest – highest point of a wave
Trough – lowest point of a wave Wave Height – vertical distance between the crest and the trough Wavelength – horizontal distance between two crests or two troughs
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Wave Motion When a wave passes through the ocean, individual water molecules move up and down but they do not move forward or backward.
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So if a WAVE is the movement of energy …
So if a WAVE is the movement of energy …..Where does the energy come from?
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Fetch: the distance the wind can blow over the water
Wind blows across water’s surface creating shear force Fetch: the distance the wind can blow over the water * The longer the fetch length and the faster the wind speed, the larger and stronger the wave will be.
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Currents & Tides Gravitational forces caused by the Moon’s pull……
Deep ocean circulation…… Next Class!!!
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Quiz Vocabulary Abyssal Plain Turbidity Continental Slope
Continental Shelf Trench Seamounts Barrier Islands Salinity Wave Crest Trough Wave Height Wavelength Fetch
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