1. Cellular Pathology in 30 minutes
Dr Paul Matthews
September 2010

3. Dr Freddy Patel
Mr Ian Tomlinson

4. What is a cellular pathologist/histopathologist?
Doctors
Make diagnoses and prognoses on human tissue
Autopsy
Surgical Resections
Small biopsies e.g. endoscopy
Tiny samples e.g. fine needle aspirate cytology

5. How do they do that? Macroscopy – naked eye Microscopy – light
Funky stuff – immunochemistry, in situ hybridisation, PCR, flow cytometry

6. What sort of diagnoses? Broad categories Pathological process
Not all require a biopsy diagnosis
BUT…….

7. Pathological Processes
Inflammation
Acute
Chronic
Healing
Thrombosis and Embolisation
Atheroma
Tissue adaptations
Tumours

8. Inflammation Chanting is IMPORTANT!!! Tumor, Rubor, Calor, Dolor!!
Swelling, Redness, Heat, Pain!!
Acute and Chronic (short and long time)

9. Acute Inflammation

10. Acute Inflammation Dilated Vessels Leaky vessels Neutrophils
Tumor, Rubor, Calor, Dolor!!
Common examples; acute appendicitis, acute gastritis, pneumonia.

11. Chronic Inflammation Lymphocytes Macrophages
Many causes e.g. infections, auto-immunity, idiopathic.

12. Chronic Inflammation

13. Healing and Repair Granulation Tissue Blood Vessels
Connective Tissue and Cells
Regeneration
Scarring

14. Granulation Tissue

15. Thrombosis and Embolism
Thrombosis: Formation of a blood clot within a closed vessel during life.
Embolism: Mass, mobile in vascular system, capable of blocking vessel.

16. Thrombosis

17. Embolism

18. Atheroma Hardening of the arteries Heart Attacks Strokes
Gangrenous Limbs
Gangrenous Guts

19. Atheroma

20. Adaptations Stress Tissues e.g. more work, physical trauma?
What do they do?

21. Adaptations

22. Tumours New Growth (Neoplasia)
Tissue growth out of sync with adjacent tissue.
Benign; Stays in the same place
Malignant; Invades locally and spreads to distant sites (metastasis)

23. Benign Breast Tumour: Fibroadenoma

24. Malignant Breast Tumour; Breast Carcinoma

25. Metastases

26. Metastases

27. Summary Cellular/Histopathologists
Diagnosis/Prognosis on Tissue Samples
Pathological Processes
Importance of Chanting!!
T…., R…., C…., D…..
Questions?