1. Chemical BONDING

2. Chemical Bond
A bond results from the attraction of nuclei for electrons
All atoms trying to achieve a stable octet
IN OTHER WORDS
the p+ in one nucleus are attracted to the e- of another atom

3. What did the atom of fluorine
say to the atom of
sodium?
You complete me.

4. Two Major Types of Bonding
Ionic Bonding
forms ionic compounds
transfer of e-
Covalent Bonding
forms molecules
sharing e-

5. IONic Bonding
electrons are transferred between valence shells of atoms
ionic compounds are
made of ions
NOT MOLECULES
ionic compounds are called Salts or Crystals

6. [METALS ]+ [NON-METALS ]-
IONic bonding
Always formed between metals and non-metals
[METALS ]+ [NON-METALS ]-
Lost e-
Gained e-

8. Covalent Bonding Pairs of e- are shared between non-metal atoms
molecules
Pairs of e- are shared between non-metal atoms
forms polyatomic ions

9. Covalent & Ionic Bonding?
NO2
sodium hydride Hg
H2S
sulfate
NH4+
Aluminum phosphate KH
KCl HF CO Co

10. [Na]+ [ Cl ]- NaCl This is the finished Lewis Dot Structure
How did we get here?

11. Step 1 after checking that it is IONIC
Determine which atom will be the +ion
Determine which atom will be the - ion
Step 2
Write the symbol for the + ion first.
NO DOTS
Draw the e- dot diagram for the – ion
COMPLETE outer shell
Step 3
Enclose both in brackets and show each charge

12. Always remember atoms are trying to complete their outer shell!
The number of electrons the atoms needs is the total number of bonds they can make.
Ex. … H? O? F? N? Cl? C?
one two one three one four

13. Methane CH4 This is the finished Lewis dot structure
How did we get here?

14. Step 1
count total valence e- involved
Step 2
connect the central atom (usually the first in the formula) to the others with single bonds
Step 3
complete valence shells of outer atoms
Step 4
add any extra e- to central atom
IF the central atom has 8 valence e- surrounding it . . YOU’RE DONE!

15. Sometimes . . .
You only have two atoms, so there is no central atom, but follow the same rules.
Check & Share to make sure all the atoms are “happy”.
Cl Br H O N HCl

16. The End