1. A Familiar Ring to It: Biosynthesis of Plant Benzoic Acids
Joshua R. Widhalm, Natalia Dudareva 
Molecular Plant 
Volume 8, Issue 1, Pages (January 2015)
DOI: /j.molp
Copyright © 2015 The Author Terms and Conditions

2. Figure 1
Examples of Plant Benzoic Acids, Benzoic Acid-Derived Natural Products, and Compounds Containing Benzoyl or Benzyl Moieties.
Molecular Plant 2015 8, 83-97DOI: ( /j.molp )
Copyright © 2015 The Author Terms and Conditions

3. Figure 2 The Biosynthetic Network for Plant Benzoic Acids.
The enzymes and intermediates in the biosynthetic pathways of plant benzoic acids as they are currently understood. For simplicity, only the formation of the non-substituted form of benzoic acid from phenylalanine is shown, except for the β-oxidative reactions leading to the production of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid. It is likely that the same or similar enzymes from the β-oxidative and non-oxidative pathway reactions function in synthesizing other substituted benzoic acids. See Figure 3 for examples of substrates and products for synthesizing substituted benzoic acids. Black and gray arrows indicate the existence and absence, respectively, of genetic evidence for a given reaction. Black and gray enzyme names indicate the existence and absence, respectively, of biochemical evidence for a given reaction. Dashed arrows indicate trafficking steps, which could be diffusive or protein mediated. Question marks indicate proposed steps with no available information.
4CL, 4-coumarate:CoA ligase; AAO4, Arabidopsis aldehyde oxidase 4; ADCL, aminodeoxychorismate lyase; ADCS, aminodeoxychorismate synthase; ADH, arogenate dehydrogenase; ADT, arogenate dehydratase; AIM1, abnormal inflorescence meristem 1; AS, anthranilate synthase; AtDHNAT1/2, Arabidopsis thaliana 1,4-dihydroxy-2- naphthoyl-CoA thioesterase 1 and 2; BA2H, benzoic acid 2-hydroxylase; BALDH, benzaldehyde dehydrogenase; BZO1, benzoyloxyglucosinolate 1; C4H, cinnamate 4-hydroxylase; CM1, chorismate mutase 1; CM2, chorismate mutase; DAHPS, 3-deoxy-d-arabino-heptulosonate 7-phosphate synthase; DHBA, dihydroxybenzoic acid; DHD, 3-dehydroquinate dehydratase; E4P, d-erythrose 4-phosphate; EDS5, enhanced disease susceptibility 5; ICS, isochorismate synthase; KAT2, ketoacyl-CoA thiolase 2; PAL, phenylalanine ammonia lyase; PAT, prephenate aminotransferase; PDT, prephenate dehydratase; PEP, phosphoenolpyruvate; Ph-CNL, Petunia hybrida cinnamoyl-CoA ligase; PhCHD, Petunia hybrida cinnamoyl-CoA hydratase/dehydrogenase; PhKAT, Petunia hybrida 3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase; PHYLLO, trifunctional 2- succinyl-5-enolpyruvyl-6-hydroxy-3-cyclohexene-1-carboxylic acid synthase, (1R,6R)-2-succinyl-6-hydroxy- 2,4-cyclohexadiene-1-carboxylic acid synthase, o-succinybenzoate synthase; PPY-AT, phenylpyruvate aminotransferase; PXA1, peroxisomal ABC (ATP-binding cassette) transporter 1; S3H, salicylic acid 3-hydroxylase; SAG, salicylic acid o-β-glucoside; SDH, shikimate dehydrogenase; SGE, salicyloyl glucose ester; TE, thioesterase; UGT, UDP(uridine diphosphate)-glucosyltransferases.
Molecular Plant 2015 8, 83-97DOI: ( /j.molp )
Copyright © 2015 The Author Terms and Conditions

4. Figure 3
Simplified Scheme Depicting the Synthesis of Plant Benzoic Acids from Phenylpropanoid Substrates through the β-Oxidative and Non-Oxidative Pathways.
Numbers represent general enzymes involved.
1, (hydroxy/methoxy)cinnamoyl-CoA ligase; 2 and 3, bifunctional (hydroxy/methoxy)cinnamoyl-CoA hydratase/dehydrogenase; 4, 3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase; 5, (hydroxy/methoxy)benzoyl-CoA thioesterase; 6 and 7, bifunctional (hydroxy/methoxy)cinnamoyl-CoA hydratase/lyase or bifunctional (hydroxy/methoxy)cinnamic acid hydratase/lyase; 8, (hydroxy/methoxy)benzaldehyde dehydrogenase or (hydroxy/methoxy)benzaldehyde oxidase.
Molecular Plant 2015 8, 83-97DOI: ( /j.molp )
Copyright © 2015 The Author Terms and Conditions