1. “The time had come ….”
Chapter 17 Section 3 & 4

2. A New Political Party
The Republican Party forms as a result of disagreement over the Kansas-Nebraska Act which split the (1) Whig and Democrat parties.
The Republicans nominated (2) John Fremont and used the slogan, “Free Men, Free Soil, Fremont.”

3. Election of 1856
The Democrats (made up of mostly Southerners) choose (3) James Buchanan.
The American party or (4) Know-Nothings nominated former President Millard Fillmore.
Due to large support in the South, (5) Buchanan won the election.

4. Abraham Lincoln
Lincoln had belonged to the (6) Whig party for more than 20 years before joining the Republican party after the Whig party collapsed.
In 1858, Lincoln challenged incumbent Stephen A. Douglas for his seat in the (7) Senate.
Abraham Lincoln (left) and Stephen Douglas (right)

5. Great Debates
Lincoln challenged Douglas, who as nicknamed (8) “Little Giant,” to a series of debates that came to be called the Great Debates.

6. Lincoln – Douglas Debates
Stephen Douglas:
• Douglas labeled Lincoln and the Republicans as (9) “Black Republicans.”
• Claimed if Lincoln tried to end slavery, the U.S. could face a civil war.
• Douglas believed in popular sovereignty and ridiculed Lincoln’s idea that (10) blacks were equal to whites.

7. Lincoln – Douglas Debates
Abraham Lincoln:
• Lincoln believed that African Americans were guaranteed “life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness”, as stated in the Declaration of Independence.
• Lincoln trapped Douglas by asking him, if (11) popular sovereignty was still possible despite the Dred Scott decision?

8. Lincoln – Douglas Debates Lincoln-Douglas Debates: Video (2:13)
• Douglas responded by saying the decision did not necessarily (12) void popular sovereignty in the territories because states could chose not to pass laws protecting slavery. This explanation became known as the (13) Freeport Doctrine.
• (14) Douglas won the election by a slim margin. However, Lincoln became well known throughout the nation.
Lincoln-Douglas Debates: Video (2:13)

9. An Uneasy Decade
Depression hit the (15) North in 1857 causing more unrest in the nation.
Two years later, John Brown and his followers seized a federal arsenal in (16) Harpers Ferry, Virginia. They hoped to use the guns and ammo to arm the slaves.

10. Reactions to John Brown’s Raid
Northern abolitionists believed Brown’s execution would give their cause a (17) martyr and a hero.
Southerners feared a possible slave rebellion.

11. Stephen Douglas (Northern Democrat) (Constitutional Union)
Election of 1860
The Democratic Convection held in (18) Charleston, S.C. split the Democratic party.
Northern Democrats choose Stephen Douglas while Southern Democrats choose John Breckinridge.
Republicans nominated (19) Abraham Lincoln.
Abraham Lincoln
(Republican)
Stephen Douglas (Northern Democrat)
John Breckinridge
(Southern Democrat)
John Bell
(Constitutional Union)

12. Election of 1860 – cont.
The Republicans called for a (20) homestead act, a transcontinental railroad, and a protective tariff.
Abraham Lincoln carried every free state except (21) New Jersey easily winning the election.

14. Moving Towards Secession
A few days later senators from (22) South Carolina resigned from Congress.
(23) Alexander Stephens of Georgia and John Crittenden of Kentucky also tried to save the union with the Crittenden Plan.

15. Original Confederate flag Eventual Confederate flag
Secession:
• On December 20, 1860, before Lincoln was sworn in as President, (24) South Carolina became the first state to secede from the Union, forming the (25) Confederate States of America.
Original Confederate flag
Eventual Confederate flag

16. Causes of the Civil War (26a) The issue of slavery
Slavery in general. Moral terms.
Expansion of slavery as it relates to the new territories or the balance of power.
Four slave states remained loyal to the Union.

17. More (26b) State’s rights/nullification
Supremacy of the individual state over the federal government and the intent of the Founding Fathers and the Constitution.
(26c) Economic differences
Agriculture v. industry. Slavery and the protective tariff.