1. IV. Graphing Types of graphs Graphing
Ch. 1- Measurement
IV. Graphing Types of graphs
Graphing

2. A.Graphing
The relationship between two variables is often determined by graphing
A graph is a “picture” of the data

3. Generally controlled by the experimenter
Graphing Rules
1. Plot the independent variable
The independent variable is plotted on the x-axis (abscissa) – the horizontal axis
Generally controlled by the experimenter
2. The dependent variable on the y-axis (ordinate) – the vertical axis

4. Graphing Rules
3. Label the axis.
Quantities (temperature, length, etc.) and also the proper units (cm, oC, etc.)
4. Choose a range that includes all the results of the data

5. 6. Use a smooth line to connect points
Graphing Rules
5. Give the graph a title (telling what it is about)
6. Use a smooth line to connect points

6. B. Types of Graphs Line Graph
shows the relationship between 2 variables
Dependent Variable
Independent Variable

7. B. Types of Graphs
Bar Graph
shows information collected by counting

8. B. Types of Graphs Pie Graph
shows distribution of parts within a whole quantity

9. Graphing & Density
Mass (g)
Volume (cm3)

10. Scientists sometimes use very large or very small numbers
C. Scientific Notation
Scientists sometimes use very large or very small numbers

11. 1. Scientific Notation
In standard form, the number is the product of two numbers:
A coefficient
A power of 10

12. 1. Scientific Notation
2300 is: 2.3 x 103
A coefficient is a number greater than or equal to one, and less than ten
The coefficient here is 2.3
The power of ten is how many times the coefficient is multiplied by ten

13. 1. Scientific Notation
The product of 2.3 x 10 x 10 x 10 equals 2300 (2.3 x 103)
Note:
Moving the decimal to the left will increase the power of 10
Moving the decimal to the right will decrease the power of 10

14. 1. Scientific Notation
The value of the exponent changes to indicate the number of places the decimal has moved left or right. = = = =
1.2 x 107
8.513 x 104
5 x 10-5
3.42 x 10-2

15. Multiplication and Division
1. Scientific Notation
Multiplication and Division
Multiply the coefficients, and add the exponents
(3 x 104) x (2 x 102) =
(2.1 x 103) x (4.0 x 10-7) =
6 x 106
8.4 x 10-4

16. Multiplication and Division
1. Scientific Notation
Multiplication and Division
In division, divide the coefficients, and subtract the exponent in the denominator from the numerator
3.0 x 105
6.0 x 102
0.5 x 103 =

17. QUIZ REVIEW

18. A. accurate but not precise B. both accurate and precise
1. The accepted value is Which correctly describes this student’s experimental data?
A. accurate but not precise
B. both accurate and precise
C. precise but not accurate
D. neither accurate nor precise
TRIAL
MEASUREMENT 1
34.56 2
33.97 3
34.24

19. 2.Which is the correct measurement for location marked by the arrow?
47.0
47.5
29.994
34.45

20. 3. Scientific theories are always being questioned and examined
3. Scientific theories are always being questioned and examined. To be valid, a theory must:
A. explain observations
B. be repeatable
C. be predictable
D. all of the above

21. D. all of the above

22. 4. What are the two different types of data that can be collected during an experiment?
A. quantitative and qualitative
B. quantitative and explicative
C. qualitative and indicative
D. explicative and indicative

23. A. quantitative and qualitative

24. 5. Which word best describes gravity and how it works?
A. theory
B. law
C. experiment
D. none of the above

25. B. law

26. 6. A model is used when…
A. the object you want to study is too small to see
B. the object you want to study is too large to see
C. both A and B
D. none of the above

27. C. both A and B