1. Cell Structure and Transport Review
Academic

2. What are the components of the cell theory?
All living things are made up of cells.
All cells come from pre-existing cells.
Cells are the basic unit and structure of all living things.

3. What are each of these scientists known for?
Hooke
Leewenhoek
Schliden
Schwann
Virchow
Cork
living cells
cell theory plants
cell theory animals
cell theory reproduction

4. Difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes?
Which has nucleus?
Eukaryotes
Which is smaller?
Prokaryotes
Why?
Less complex, fewer organelles
How are they alike? Both contain
Ribosomes
DNA
Cell membrane
Cytoplasm

5. Examples of Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes
Bacteria – E coli, Salmonella
Eukaryotes
Humans, plants

6. Plant and Animal Cells Similarities Cell membrane ribosomes nucleus
ER and Golgi
Mitochondria
Differences
Plant cell
Chloroplasts
Cell wall
Large Vacuole

7. Organelles What is the command center of the cell? Nucleus
The center of the nucleus is the
Nucleolus
And what is assembled there?
ribosomes
Ribosomes make
Proteins

8. Organelles What is the function of the smooth ER?
Make lipids
What is the function of the Golgi apparatus?
Modifies molecules, proteins
Transports them out of the cell
What is the function of the rough ER?
Make proteins
Studded with?
ribosomes

9. Organelles What breaks down and digests things?
Function of a vacuole?
Chemical and water storage
What breaks down and digests things?
lysosomes
What do they use to do this?
Digestive enzymes

10. Organelles Function of a chloroplast? Contain what pigment? Makes ATP
Mitochondria function?
Makes ATP
Function of a chloroplast?
photosynthesis
Contain what pigment?
Chlorophyll

11. Organelles Function of cytoskeleton? Function of cell wall? Made of?
Centrioles function?
Assist in cell division
Function of cytoskeleton?
Shape, movement
Extensions?
Cilia (short hairs), flagella (long tail)
Function of cell wall?
Shape, support, protection
Made of?
Cellulose fibers

12. Life requires Energy Kinetic? Potential? Endergonic
Types of chemical reaction?
Endergonic
Energy required
Example
Photosynthesis (sunlight required)
Exergonic
Energy released
Cellular respiration (ATP made)
Kinetic?
Motion
thermal (heat), light)
Potential?
Stored energy
Chemical energy
The energy in ATP

13. Cell Membrane Lets certain things in and certain things out?
Semipermeable, selectively permeable
Primary component?
Phospholipids
These create a bilayer, with a heads and tails
The heads are
Hydrophilic
The tails are
hydrophobic
Fluid Mosaic means?
Molecules can drift laterally and there are many parts

14. Passive Transport what direction do molecules move?
Hi -> Low
With or against concentration gradient?
with
Energy required? No
Molecules diffuse, resulting eventually in?
Equilibrium, homeostasis
Types? There are 3
Simple Diffusion
What happens in simple diffusion?
Molecules spread evenly to fill a space
Facilitated Diffusion
What happens in fd?
Transport proteins allow molecules to cross membrane
What kinds of molecules?
Large, polar, charged
Osmosis
What happens in osmosis?
Diffusion of water across membrane

16. Osmosis – Animal cells vs. Plant cells
In a hypotonic environment, what happens?
Cells burst
Plant cells
What prevents bursting in hypotonic environment?
Cell wall
The pressure that water exerts against the cell wall (in a hypotonic solution)?
Turgor pressure
Plants without water (hypertonic) wilt and die, this is called
plasmolysis

17. Active Transport what direction do molecules move?
Low -> high
With or against concentration gradient?
against
Energy required?
YES
In what form?
ATP

18. Active Transport What 3 types did we discuss? Endocytosis Exocytosis
Sodium/Potassium Pump
Function?
Moves Na and K against concentration gradient
Endocytosis
How does it work?
Infolding of membrane forms a vesicle
Examples
Pinocytosis
Which is?
Cell drinking
Phagoctosis
Cell eating?
Exocytosis
Vesicles fuse with cell membrane to release contents outside of the cell
What does it do this for?
To get rid of waste and send chemical signals

19. 7 8 9 10

20. 7 8 9 10 1 – Mitochondria 2 – nucleus 3 – rough ER 4 – cell membrane
5 – golgi apparatus
6 –part of cytoskeleton
7 – smooth ER
8 – nucleolus
9 – lysosome
10 - ribosome 7 8 9 10