1. Chapter 8A Chemical Equations and Reactions

2. Essential Question
Describe the 5 different types of chemical reactions that are in chemistry.
Standard 3a
Students will know how to describe chemical reactions by writing properly balanced equations.

3. Chemical Reactions Products and Reactants
Write compounds to react on left and compounds produced on the right.
Remember, reactants react to produce products
Read as “yields”

4. Symbols and Notation (l) – compound is a liquid
(s) – compound is a solid
(l) – compound is a liquid
(g) – compound is a gas
(aq) – aqueous (dissolved in water, exists as ions)
↓ - a precipitate has formed
(solid falling out of the reaction)
↑ - a gas is evolved
(bubbling out of the reaction)
Various things can be put over the “yields” sign (→) to indicate special conditions.

5. Reaction Types Composition or Synthesis Decomposition Combustion
There are five basic reaction types:
Composition or Synthesis
two or more reactants produce a single product.
Decomposition
a single reactant breaks down into its parts.
Combustion
rxn between oxygen and a reactant:

6. Reaction Types Single Displacement or Single Replacement
One ion kicks one of the ions in the pair out.
Double Displacement or Double Replacement
Ion pairs switch places (partners).
You must have a positive ion-negative ion pair in each position. Never a + to + or a – to - .

7. Chemical Equations Chemical reaction expressed with chemical equation.
Shows relative number of products and reactants required to satisfy the Law of Conservation of Mass.
Our lab reaction:
Must be written:
This balances the equation (reactants = products).

8. Rules for Balancing Chemical Rxns
Never Change Subscripts
Balance Groups First
Balance H2O, O2, and H2 last.
We balance by adding coefficients.
Two reactant oxygens
Four product hydrogens
Properly balanced 2 2

9. Mole Ratios Mole ratios:
how many moles of products are produced with given number of moles of reactants.
Here, the mole ratio is 1:1:2 (1H2 : 1Cl2 : 2 HCl)
This means two moles of HCl will be produced when one mole of H2 and one mole of Cl2 react.

10. Balancing Practice 4 3 2 2 2 2 5 4 2 6 6 6 + Energy + Energy + Energy
Balance the following reactions on your own: 4 3 2
Rust 2 2
Thermite
+ Energy 2 5 4 2
+ Energy
Acetylene torch 6 6 6
+ Energy
Respiration