1. Integrated Pest Management
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Linda Seals
Commercial Horticulture Agent
UF Brevard County IFAS Extension
Integrated Pest Management

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What is a plant pest?
Anything that affects the growth, quality, and appearance of a plant
Abiotic
Nutrients
Drought
Wind
Light
Biotic
Insects
Diseases

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What is IPM?
The use of different pest management strategies to maintain a landscape
A pesticide-only approach is one-layered
Environmentally unsound
Economically unfeasible
Use several management practices together

4. Think of it as a tool box…
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Think of it as a tool box…

5. The Principles of IPM Establish thresholds Scouting and identification
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The Principles of IPM
Establish thresholds
Scouting and identification
Prevention
Control

6. The Benefits? Provides long-term solutions to pest problems
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The Benefits?
Provides long-term solutions to pest problems
Protects the environment
Reduces pesticide costs and liabilities
Limits development of pesticide resistance
Good for public relations

7. The Disadvantages? More labor costs for training and scouting
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The Disadvantages?
More labor costs for training and scouting
More to learn, more to remember

8. Why is IPM Important? To reduce pesticide resistance
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Why is IPM Important?
To reduce pesticide resistance
To reduce water contamination
Avoid harm to non-target organisms
Avoid pesticide movement in the environment

9. Pest Resistance It’s genetic
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Pest Resistance
It’s genetic
Insects that carry the resistance gene do not die when exposed to pesticide
The resulting offspring also carry the gene
Factors influencing resistance
Broad spectrum pesticides = > resistance
Increased pesticide use = > resistance
Pesticides that provide good control = > resistance

10. Preventing Resistance
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Preventing Resistance
Never rely on a single pesticide class.
Integrate chemical control with effective, complementary cultural and biological control practices.
Always use pesticides at recommended rates and strive for thorough coverage.

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Non-Target Organisms
A non-target organism is anything that the pesticide is not intended for
Can be harmed directly (contact)
Harmed by residue or accumulation
Foto de Linda Seals

12. Pesticide movement Drift – when pesticide move through the air
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Pesticide movement
Drift – when pesticide move through the air
Leaching – when pesticide moves downward through soil
Runoff – when pesticide moves with water off of a surface (e.g., roads, sidewalks, roofs)

13. Pesticide movement Surface runoff and leaching may occur when:
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Pesticide movement
Surface runoff and leaching may occur when:
Too much liquid pesticide is applied, leaked or spilled
Too much rainwater, irrigation water or other water gets onto a surface containing pesticide residue
Foto: Alabama State Water Program

14. Pesticides can move into water via
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Pesticides can move into water via
Drift, leaching and runoff
Spills, leaks and back-siphoning
Improper disposal of pesticides, rinsates and containers
Photo: Linda Seals

15. How soil affects pesticides
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How soil affects pesticides
Soil texture – sand, silt, and clay
Soil permeability –how fast water can move downward
Soil organic matter – influences how much water the soil can hold before it moves downward

16. Prevention What can you do to prevent pests? Right plant, right place
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Prevention
What can you do to prevent pests?
Right plant, right place
Proper pruning, fertilization, watering, mulching, spacing, etc.
Installation and establishment
Choosing pest resistant cultivars/species
Proper site preparation

17. Prevention Avoid monocultures (what’s that?)
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Prevention
Avoid monocultures (what’s that?)
Start with pest-free, weed-free plants
Reduce food, water, and shelter that might attract pests
Attract natural predators!!
Observe planting dates
Sanitation

18. Scouting Scout the landscape frequently for pest problems
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Scouting
Scout the landscape frequently for pest problems
Reduces the spread of the pest
Reduces the amount of pesticides used
Reduces cost
May allow for the use of less harmful control measures

19. Scouting Learn key plants and key pests
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Scouting
Learn key plants and key pests
When do they emerge? When is their peak season?
Keep records of pest numbers, type of damage, number of beneficials, growth and health of the plant, soil conditions, weather, etc.

20. Scouting What kinds of pests are present?
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Scouting
What kinds of pests are present?
Are the numbers great enough to warrant control?
When is the right time to begin control?
Have the control efforts successfully reduced the number of pests?