1. Essentials of Public Speaking
Organizing a
Successful
Speech
Chapter 7
Essentials of Public Speaking
Cheryl Hamilton
5th Edition
Cheryl Hamilton, Ph.D.
Chapter 7 – Organizing a Successful Speech

2. Chapter 7 – Organizing your speech: Introduction, Body, and Conclusion
Flashback . . .
Ancient Greek and Roman rhetoricians generally divided speech-making into five parts or canons:
Invention—researching the topic & audience
Disposition—organizing materials in orderly fashion
Elocution—choosing effective language & style
Memory—remembering ideas to be presented
Delivery—presenting the speech (verbal, vocal, & visual aspects)
Chapter 7 – Organizing your speech: Introduction, Body, and Conclusion

3. Chapter 7 – Organizing a Successful Speech
Key Ideas
The role organization plays in a successful speech
Informative patters of organization
Persuasive patterns of organization
The steps included in a speech introduction
Steps included the conclusion of a speech
Tips for polishing your speech
Chapter 7 – Organizing a Successful Speech

4. The Importance of Organization
Organized information is easier for speakers to remember.
Organized information gives the speaker confidence.
Organized information improves the speaker’s credibility in the eyes of the audience.
Organized information is easier for listeners to comprehend, to take notes from, and is more likely to keep their attention
Chapter 7 – Organizing a successful speech:

5. Chapter 7 – Organizing a Successful Speech
Organization Basics
The body of the speech takes 70%-80% of total speech time
One pattern of organization for main points
Several patters of organization can be used for supporting materials for each main point
Select an organizational pattern that best fits the purpose of the speech.
Chapter 7 – Organizing a Successful Speech

6. Informative Patterns of Organization
Topical
Chronological
Geographic Pattern
Causal
Chapter 7 – Organizing a successful Speech

7. Topical Patterns of Organization
Geographic Pattern - Northeastern U.S., North Central U.S., and Pacific Coastal U.S.
Causal Pattern –
Cause—Poor awareness of symptoms and diagnostic procedure
Effect—Escalation of disease to chronic state with long-term physical results
Chapter 7 – Organizing a successful Speech

8. Using the Topical Pattern
Often used for informative speeches when each main point is one of several aspects of the topic.
Your most important or interesting point first.
Your least compelling points in the middle.
An important or interesting point last.
Remember to begin and end your speech with impact.
Chapter 7 – Organizing a successful Speech

9. Using the Chronological Pattern
Main points are arranged in a step by step pattern
Could be used to recount an event or could be used to organize a demonstration speech
Chapter 7 – Organizing a successful Speech

10. Using the Spatial or Geographic Pattern
Main points are arranged according to location in space, such as front to back, left to right, first floor to third floor, or north to south, east to west
Chapter 7 – Organizing a Successful Speech

11. Using the Causal Pattern
Main points have a cause–effect or effect–cause relationship
You must do more than simply assert that a causal relationship exists
You must cite evidence for that relationship and use a variety of supporting materials
Chapter 7 – Organizing a Successful Speech

12. Persuasive Organizational Patterns
Claim
Problem–solution or Solution-Cause
Criteria satisfaction
Comparative advantages
Motivated Sequence
Chapter 7 – Organizing a successful Speech

13. Using the Claim Pattern
A variation of the topical pattern used in persuasive speaking.
The main points are the reasons (or claims) for believing a particular fact, holding a particular value, or advocating a particular plan
The language is persuasive
Claim pattern can be organized inductively or deductively
Chapter 7 – Organizing a successful Speech

14. Using the Problem-Solution Pattern
Popular forms
Problem-Solution/Benefits
Problem-Solution/Action
Organizing the speech
Begin with a detailed discussion of the problem including its seriousness and its effect on the audience.
Present ways to solve the problem
Discuss the benefits to the audience and the action that needs to be taken.
Chapter 7 – Organizing a successful Speech

15. Using the Criteria Satisfaction Pattern
A persuasive tool that can be used when audience members oppose your position
Organizing the speech
Establish the criteria that should be followed when evaluating possible solutions
Show how a proposal or solution meets or exceeds the criteria
Chapter 7 – Organizing a successful Speech

16. Using the Comparative Advantages Pattern
A persuasive pattern that is normally used when your audience agrees with you on the problem but may not agree on the solution
Organizing the speech
In your introduction briefly mention the problem since the audience is already familiar with it.
In the body of the speech, compare possible solutions
Show how one solution is better than the others
Chapter 7 – Organizing a successful Speech

17. Using the Motivated Sequence
Developed by Communication Professor Alan Monroe
Follows a Problem-Solution-Action pattern
Attention
Need
Visualization
Satisfaction
Action
Chapter 7 – Organizing a successful Speech

18. Steps in the Motivated Sequence
Attention – Grab the listener's attention so they will want to continue listening
Need – direct the audience’s attention to a particular need
Satisfaction – Satisfy the need by presenting a solution
Visualization – illustrate the future for your audience
Action – Propose a course of action
Chapter 7 – Organizing a successful Speech

19. Organizing the Introduction
Goal I: Catch audience attention
Detailed factual or hypothetical instance
Two or three brief instances
Humor
Quote or paraphrase
Startling fact
Rhetorical or actual question
Reference to the occasion
Fable, saying, poem, or rhyme
Brief demonstration
Chapter 7 – Organizing a Successful Speech

20. Organizing the Introduction
Goal 2: Motivate the audience to listen
Show how your speech is important to them
Refer to your audience demographic and psychological data
Goal 3: Establish credibility and rapport
Tell personal experience with topic
Tell why subject important to you
Cite expert sources you consulted
Show gender and cultural sensitivity
Chapter 7 – Organizing a Successful Speech

21. Organizing the Introduction
Goal 4: Present your thesis statement
State purpose if speech is informative
State position if speech is persuasive
Preview of main points
Include optional content if needed
Background information
Define unfamiliar terms
Mention handouts
Chapter 7 – Organizing a Successful Speech

22. Organizing the Conclusion
Clue audience you are nearing the conclusion
A conclusion takes only 10%-15% of speaking time
Summarize central idea and main points
Refocus the audience’s attention
Offer a closing thought to anchor ideas
Reference to introduction
Challenge the audience
Visualization of future
Chapter 7 – Organizing a Successful Speech

23. Chapter 7 – Organizing a Successful Speech
Using Q&A
Repeat question before answering it
Rephrase confusing or negative questions
Think before answering each question
Watch for irrelevant or complex questions
Chapter 7 – Organizing a Successful Speech

24. Chapter 7 – Organizing a Successful Speech
Using Q&A
Don’t argue or get angry or defensive
Mention Q&A in your introduction
Stay on time
Chapter 7 – Organizing a Successful Speech

25. Chapter 7 – Organizing a Successful Speech
Polishing Your Speech
Use a Preparation Outline
Develop good quality connectors
Chapter 7 – Organizing a Successful Speech

26. Polishing using a Preparation Outline
Add sub-points and supporting material to your rough-draft outline
Write out transitions between main points and sub-points
Include list of references in correct style
Identify locations of visual aids in Bold
[Visual #1]
Chapter 7 – Organizing a Successful Speech

27. Polish with Transitions and Connectors
Transitions – words or phases used link ideas
Sign Posts – indicates where the speaker is going next
Internal Summaries – summarizes the main points of the speech
Repetition/Restatement – helps the listener remember exact words or figures
Chapter 7 – Organizing a successful Speech

28. Essentials of Public Speaking
Organizing a
Successful
Speech
Chapter 7
Essentials of Public Speaking
Cheryl Hamilton
5th Edition
Cheryl Hamilton, Ph.D.
Chapter 7 – Organizing a Successful Speech