1. Chapter 6 Nonverbal Intercultural Communication 第六章 非言语跨文化交际

2. There is language in her eyes, her cheeks, her lip, nay, her foot speaks.
—Shakespeare

3. Nonverbal Intercultural Communication
Chapter Outline
Nonverbal Intercultural Communication
Significance
Definition
& Functions
Categories
Other Categories
Oculesics
Repeating
Paralanguage
Olfactics
Complementing
Silence
Haptics
Kinesics
Regulating
Proxemics
Chromatics
Contradicting
Chronemics
Attire

4. Text A Significance of Nonverbal Communication
Nonverbal behavior accounts for much of the meaning we get from conversations.
Nonverbal behavior spontaneously reflects the sub-consciousness.
We cannot avoid communicating through nonverbal signals.

5. Text B Definition and Functions of Nonverbal Communication
The messages sent without using words are called nonverbal communication.

6. The Functions of Nonverbal Communication
a. Repeating b. Complementing c. Substituting d. Regulating e. Contradicting

7. a. Repeating

8. b. Complementing

9. c. Substituting

10. d. Regulating

11. e. Contradicting

12. Nonverbal Intercultural Communication
Chapter Outline
Nonverbal Intercultural Communication
Significance
Definition
& Functions
Categories
Other Categories
Oculesics
Repeating
Paralanguage
Olfactics
Complementing
Silence
Haptics
Kinesics
Regulating
Proxemics
Chromatics
Contradicting
Chronemics
Attire

13. Text C Paralanguage (副语言) and Silence
paralanguage is the set of audible sounds that accompany oral language to augment its meaning.

14. paralanguage Vocal qualities Stress Intonation Intensity Tone
Pitch height

15. Activity John, you love Mary. John, you love Mary?

16. Silence Silence can communicate agreement, apathy
(冷漠), awe (敬畏), confusion, contemplation
(沉思), disagreement, embarrassment, repressed
hostility, respect, sadness, etc.
 Silence is a form of nonverbal communication
that may be interpreted in various ways
depending upon the situation, the duration
of the silence, and the culture.

17. Nonverbal Intercultural Communication
Chapter Outline
Nonverbal Intercultural Communication
Significance
Definition
& Functions
Categories
Other Categories
Oculesics
Repeating
Paralanguage
Olfactics
Complementing
Silence
Haptics
Kinesics
Regulating
Proxemics
Chromatics
Contradicting
Chronemics
Attire

18. Text D Time and Space
Chronemics
Proxemics

19. Chronemics (时间行为)
Chronemics is the study of how people perceive and use time.
1. Monochronic time （单维度时间取向）
2. Polychronic time（多维度时间取向） 19

20. The sense of time
a. Monochronic time: Time is linear b. Polychronic time: Time is cyclical

21. time-conscious
punctual
Time is a valuable and limited resource,
to be saved, scheduled, and spent with
precision.
Monochronic
Cultures
Germany
Canada
Switzerland
Austria
the US
have a less formal perception of time
more focused on relationships, rather
than watching the clock
have no problem being “late” for
an event if they are with family or friends
Polychronic
cultures
Arabs
Chinese
Indians
Latin Americans
Mediterraneans

22. Proxemics refers to the study of spatial relations.
Fixed features of space
Semifixed features of space
Personal space 22

23. Personal space
Personal space refers to an individual’s unconsciously structuring the micro-space immediately surrounding the physical body
Personal space is not only culturally determined, but results from varying relationships.

24. 美国人及多数北欧人的交际距离原则
非接触文化（non-contact or non-touching cultures）
携带着隐私空间，空间的大小标志着隐私的程度和关系之亲疏

25. 阿拉伯人、拉丁美洲人和意大利人的交际距离原则
接触文化（touch or contact cultures）
拉丁美洲---触摸是一种“谈话”的方式
妇女见面要相互触摸、亲吻和热烈拥抱，男子也是如此。
阿拉伯人---见面时，他们常常相互拥抱，而且相互触碰彼此的鼻子。谈话时，他们握着对方的手，盯着他的眼睛，把他沐浴在自己的呼吸气息之中。

26. Nonverbal Intercultural Communication
Chapter Outline
Nonverbal Intercultural Communication
Significance
Definition
& Functions
Categories
Other Categories
Oculesics
Repeating
Paralanguage
Olfactics
Complementing
Silence
Haptics
Kinesics
Regulating
Proxemics
Chromatics
Contradicting
Chronemics
Attire

27. Oculesics（目光语） eyes is oculesics.
The study of communications sent by the
eyes is oculesics.
Anxiety
Submission
Confidence
Credibility …… 27

28. Olfactics (嗅觉) called Olfactics.
The study of communication via smell is
called Olfactics. 28

29. A person’s smell can have a positive or negative effect on the oral message.
In Arab, a person’s smell is regarded as an extension of the person.
Americans learn not to breathe in people’s faces and to avoid being breathed on.

30. Haptics or touch refers to communicating
through the use of bodily contact. 30

31. Haptics across cultures
Touching in American interaction pattern

32. It is very common for heterosexual men in the Indian subcontinent and most parts of the Arab world to hug each other, sit with arms over the shoulder or walk while holding hands.

33. In Thailand and Laos, it is rude for a stranger or acquaintance (熟人) to touch a child on the top of the head because the head is regarded as the home of the spirit or soul.

34. Kinesics (身势语)
Kinesics is the term used for
communicating through various types
of body movements including facial
expressions, gestures, posture and
stance, and other mannerisms that
may accompany or replace oral
messages.

35. 1.Gestures 手势
Gestures are movements that you make with your hand, your head or your face to show a particular meaning.

36. 2. Posture 姿势
Posture, the way someone
stands, sits, or walks, can send
positive or negative nonverbal
messages.

37. Body movement can be used to detect the beginning and end of conversation.

38. 3. Facial expression面部表情
Facial expression worth thousand words.

39. Chromatics （色彩学）
Chromatics refers to the study of color use in affecting people’s mood, emotions, and impression of others. 39

40. Colors influence our perception and behaviors.

41. People from different cultures and social realities may have different preferences to some colors.

42. Red: happiness / angry Chinese cruel richness violence good luck
Western
blood
cruel
violence
celebration
richness
good luck

43. Attire (服饰)
Clothing and physical appearance are usually called attire. Formality Informality Social status occupation

44. Thank you!