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Acids and Bases
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Indicators Substances that change colour in acids or bases
can be used to tell if a substance is acidic, basic or neutral many are form natural sources (red cabbage, lichen (litmus paper), tea leaves, beets) synthetic ones turn different colours for different pH levels
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pH means power of the [H]+ ion
refers to the concentration of Hydrogen ions in a solution indicates the strength of acids and bases on a scale of 0 -14 pH of 7 is neutral (neither acid or base) each number represents a strength 10X more powerful (e.g. pH 10 is 10X more basic than pH 9, and pH 2 is 1000X more acidic than pH 5)
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pH of Everyday
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Properties of Acids Dissolve in water to form [H]+ ions
Turn litmus paper red React with metals to form H2 gas Taste sour Feels like water but can burn your skin
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Properties of Bases Dissolve in water to produce [OH]- ions
turns litmus blue tastes bitter feels slippery to the touch (detergents)
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Neutralization Reactions
When a base and an acid react together to form a salt and water HCl + NaOH NaCl + H2O Acid Base = Salt Water (this example is table salt, but a "salt" is any compound made up of positive and negative ion pairs) The products of the reaction are neither acid or base - they are neutral Prediction activity…
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Practice Try these Neutralization reactions + balance!!: H2SO + NaOH
HCl + Ca(OH)2 HCl + Li(OH) H2CO3 + KOH
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