1. AP Human Geography Theoretical Model Review
Mr. Stepek

2. Unit 7: Services and Urban Patterns

3. Central Place Theory (Christaller)
Cities, towns, villages and hamlets are nested in an urban hierarchy reflecting that the largest central place provides the greatest number of functions. Distribution of cities is tied to trade areas, population size and distance.
Hinterland
Threshold
Range
Hexagon
Rank-size rule
Primate city rule (breaks theory)

4. FIGURE 12-21

6. FIGURE 12-16

7. Borchert’s Epochs
refer to 5 distinct periods in American urbanization.
Sail-Wagon Epoch (1790–1830); waterways, canals, gateway cities
Steamboat-Iron Horse Epoch (1830–70), characterized by impact of steam engine technology, and development of steamboats and regional railroad networks;
Steel Rail Epoch (1870–1920), dominated by the development of long haul railroads and a national railroad network;
Auto-Air-Amenity Epoch (1920–70), with growth in the gasoline combustion engine;
Satellite-Electronic-Jet Propulsion (1970–?), also called the High-Technology Epoch.

9. North American Urban Models
Burgess Concentric Zone
Hoyt Sector Zone Model
As cities grow, circular zones defined by their function surround the CBD.
Bid-rent theory
Affects land use, density, housing and social class
Urban zones stretch form the CBD in wedges with similar functions extending out to the city’s outer edge.
transportation
amenities

10. North American Urban Models
Harris & Ullman
Multiple Nuclei Model
P.O. Muller
Urban Realms Models
related to peripheral/galactic model
Edge cities/boomburbs on ring highway
Greenfields = planned
Uptowns = replace older areas
Multi-centered metropolis consisting of independent realms
CBD loses dominance as several functional nodes develop (airport = transportation, university = education, etc.)

11. World City Network (Lang & Taylor)
Cities provide different services and functions in a global or regional economy
FIGURE 12-26

12. Classical Models of Urban Structure

14. Peripheral/Galactic Model

15. Southeast Asian City Model
LDC Urban Models
McGhee
Southeast Asian City Model
Similar land use patterns among medium-size cities
Proof of world systems model with port as focus of an raw material export-based economy
Alien sector = proof of Chinese migration

16. Latin American City Model
LDC Urban Models
Griffin/Ford
Latin American City Model
Unique urban development. CBD stretches along blvd from central plaza, elite live along spine, squatter settlements on outskirts.
Elements of sector model in spine

17. African City Model Reflect colonial legacy fast growing three CBDs
ethnic neighborhoods
fast growing
Shantytowns
megacities

18. Services and Urban Patterns FRQ Sample #1

19. Services and Urban Patterns FRQ Sample #1 Rubric

20. Services and Urban Patterns FRQ Sample #1 Rubric