1. Emotion Chapter 12. Chapter 12:
Emotion Chapter 12 Chapter 12: Emotions, Stress & Health (Beginning to page 515!)
Theories of Emotion
Embodied Emotion
Thinking Critically About: Lie Detection
Expressed Emotion
Nonverbal Communication
Culture and Emotional ExpressionThe Effects of Facial Expression

2. Emotions are an adaptive response. Emotions are a mix of
physiological activation,
expressive behaviors, and
conscious experience.
Where do emotions come from? Why do we have them? What are they made of?

3. Theories

4. Arousal fuels emotion

5. Inverted “ U “ shape

6. Cognition channels Emotion
What is the connection between
how we think (cognition) and how we feel (emotion)?
Can we change our emotions by changing our thinking? YES
Cognition doesn’t have to precede emotion.
When fearful eyes were subliminally presented to subjects, fMRI scans revealed higher levels of amygdala’s activity than control.

8. Cognition Can Define Emotion
Arousal response to one event “spills over” into our response to the next event.
OBJECTIVE 6| Explain how spillover effect influences our experience of emotion.
AP Photo/ Nati Harnik
Reuters/ Corbis

9. Detecting and Computing Emotion
Professionals like police officers, psychiatrists, judges, and polygraphists detected deceiving emotions 54% of the time.
OBJECTIVE 10| Discuss the research on reading and misreading facial and behavioral indicators of emotion.
Dr. Paul Elkman, University of California at San Francisco

10. Traditional: monitoring of arousal indicators
Gary Ridgway
Lie detection:
Traditional: monitoring of arousal indicators
can be fooled or misled !
New: Guilty knowledge test
and
Subtle facial expressions

11. Nonverbal Communication
In a crowd of faces a single angry face will “pop out” faster than a single happy face (Fox et al. 2000).
OBJECTIVE 8| Describe some of the factors that affect our ability to decipher non-verbal cues.

12. Experienced Emotion Izard (1977) has isolated 10 emotions
Experienced Emotion Izard (1977) has isolated 10 emotions. And most of them are present in infancy, excluding contempt, shame and guilt.
Patrick Donehue/ Photo Researchers, Inc.
Bob Daemmrich/ The Image Works
Tom McCarthy/ Rainbow
OBJECTIVE 13| Name the 10 basic emotions, and describe two dimensions psychologists use to differentiate emotions.
Lew Merrim/ Photo Researchers, Inc.
Nancy Brown/ The Image Bank
Marc Grimberg/ The Image Bank
Michael Newman/ PhotoEdit

13. Sex, Culture and Emotional Expression
When culturally diverse people were shown basic facial expressions, they did pretty good at recognizing them (Ekman & Matsumoto, 1989).
OBJECTIVE 11| Discuss the culture-specific and culturally universal aspects of emotional expression, and explain how emotional expressions can enhance survival.
Elkman & Matsumoto, Japanese and
Caucasian Facial Expression of Emotion

14. Emotions are Adaptive
Darwin speculated that our ancestors communicated with facial expression in the absence of language. Nonverbal facial expression led to their survival.
Charles Darwin ( )

15. The Effects of Facial Expression
If facial expressions are manipulated like furrowing
brows people feel sad while looking at sad pictures.
OBJECTIVE 12| Discuss the facial feedback and behavior feedback phenomena, and give an example of each.
Courtesy of Louis Schake/ Michael Kausman/
The New York Times Pictures
Many versions of the “pen in the mouth experiment”
By attaching two golf tee to the face and making their tips touch makes furrow on the forehead.

16. People generally divide emotions into two dimensions

17. Emotional Ups and Downs
Our positive moods rise to a maximum within 6-7 hours after waking up. Negative moods stay more or less the same over the day.
OBJECTIVE 18| Discuss some of the daily and longer-term variations in the duration of emotions.

18. The end 
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