1. People and Ideas on the Move
Chapter 3
People and Ideas on the Move

2. The Indo Europeans
Nomadic people from steppes (dry grasslands) of Russia
Indo European language (chart p. 61) – ancestors of many modern languages
Migrated to India
Hittites used chariots, iron

3. Aryans Settled in Indus Valley
Unlike previous Indus dwellers, Aryans were lighter, had no writing, were pastoral, not city dwellers
Caste (class) system develops
4 groups (priests, rulers & warriors, peasants & traders, laborers)
Determined how they lived, who they married, etc.
Outcasts or “untouchables” – butchers, gravediggers, trash collectors, etc.

4. Hinduism Evolves
Collection of beliefs; no specific founder or single set of ideas; many gods
Brahman – world soul
Moksha – perfect understanding
Reincarnation – rebirth until understanding is achieved
Karma – good or bad deeds
Vedas – collection of stories

5. Buddhism Siddhartha Gautama – noble family
Age 29 – saw suffering outside palace – source of suffering was desire for material things
Sought enlightenment (wisdom)
Wandered 6 years to achieve understanding – became known as Buddha (the enlightened one)
4 Noble Truths (p.69)
Eightfold Path (p. 69)
Reincarnation and karma (but could be freed from karma by following ways of Buddha)
Could reach Nirvana – release from selfishness and pain

6. Buddhism cont. Rejected caste system
Followers included laborers and craftspeople
Trade allowed teachings to spread throughout India & all over Southeast Asia, Korea, Japan, China

7. Seafaring Traders Minoans – Aegean Sea (lived on Crete)
Traded over wide area
Knossos discovered late 19th C
Revealed Minoans as artistic, athletic, women had high rank, religious, peaceful
Mysterious ending – probably earthquake & tidal wave

8. Seafaring Traders - Phoenicians
Most powerful traders
Modern day Lebanon in Middle East
Remarkable shipbuilders & seafarers
Outposts all over Mediterranean
Carthage – greatest colony (N. Africa)
Famous for purple dye – from snail!
Alphabet – great legacy – symbols represented sounds
Phonetic – one sign for one sound (p.74)

9. Judaism From Palestine in eastern Med. (Canaan)
History contained in first 5 books of Bible (Torah) – Old Testament
God chose Abraham as father of Hebrews
Monotheistic – one god
Covenant – promise between god/Hebrews
Enslaved in Egypt – Moses led Hebrews out
Sinai – received Ten Commandments (p. 79)
Wandered 40 years – settled in Palestine

10. Judaism cont. Goal is to live a moral life according to God
Ethical monotheism – influenced behavior for thousands of years through Judaism, Christianity, Islam
Later called Jews (Judah – one of 12 tribes); “chosen people”
New kingdom – Israel