1. Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis: The Dawn of a New Era?

3. Introduction

4. Incidence of Pediatric MS or ADS: Data From Individual Countries and MS Centers

5. Incidence of Pediatric MS by Age and Sex in Germany

6. Pathology of Pediatric MS

7. More Extensive Acute Axonal Damage in Pediatric MS Compared With Adult MS

8. 2017 McDonald Criteria

9. MS Disease Course Across the Age Span

10. Acquired Demyelinating Syndromes

11. Diagnostic Criteria for Neuromyelitis Optica-Spectrum Disorders

12. 2017 McDonald Criteria for Demonstration of Dissemination in Space and Time

13. MRI Features of MS in Pediatric Patients

14. Why Pediatric MS Should Be Treated

15. Challenges of Treating Pediatric MS

16. Issues With Adherence in Pediatric MS

17. Main Treatment Steps for Pediatric MS

18. Studies of DMTs in Pediatric MSc

19. Tolerability of Subcutaneous Interferon-Beta1a: Retrospective Observational Study in Pediatric MS

20. Breakthrough Disease: US Network of Pediatric MS Centers

21. Fingolimod Compared With Interferon-Beta1a in Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis: PARADIGMS

22. PARADIGMS: Results for Relapse and Rate of New Lesions

23. PARADIGMS: Tolerability

24. Clinician’s View of the Findings I

25. Clinician’s View of the Findings II

26. Clinician’s View of the Findings III

27. Summary of New Findings and Future Perspectives

28. Other Management Considerations in Pediatric MS: Lifestyle Approaches

29. Obesity Increases Risk for Pediatric MS and for Relapse

30. Pediatric MS and Counselling Patients About Smoking and Other Risk Behaviors

31. Importance of the Health Care Team

32. Closing Remarks

33. Abbreviations