1. The Columbian Exchange

2. Columbian Exchange
Columbus traveled back and forth from Europe to the Americas
On these expeditions he brought goods to and from the countries
Columbus began a vast global exchange that would effect the world
Because this global exchange began with Columbus we call it the Columbian Exchange

3. Goods were exchanged People Plants Animals Technology Diseases
What is the Old World and what is the New World?

4. From The Old World Europe Africa Asia Wheat Onions Apples Carrots
Horses
Cattle
Africa
Radishes
Watermelon
Coffee
Asia
Rice
Sugarcane
Mangoes
** How would horses impact the New World?

5. From The New World North America Central America South America
Sunflowers
Corn (Mexico)
Avocadoes
Pumpkin
Central America
Peppers
Beans
Cocoa
South America
Potatoes
Tomatoes
Peanuts
** Why would potatoes be important in Europe?

7. Animals Exchanged New World domesticated animals llamas guinea pigs
fowl (a few species)
Old World domesticated animals dogs horses donkeys pigs cattle goats sheep barnyard fowl

8. Positive Impacts of the Columbian Exchange
By the 1700s, corn, potatoes, beans and tomatoes were contributing to population growth
Increased food production
People began migrating to the Americas as well
– Why would people want to move to the Americas?

9. Negative Effects of the Columbian Exchange
European diseases (like small pox) killed Native Americans
Fatality rate over a period of two to three generations was 95% for many tribal groups
Nearly all of the European diseases were caught by air and touch.

10. Negative Effects
Smallpox, measles, diphtheria, whooping cough, chicken pox, bubonic plague, scarlet fever and influenza were the most common diseases
African slaves were less vulnerable to European diseases than were Indians

11. Negative Effects
Shortage of labor to grow cash crops led to the use of African slaves
Spain needed help for their American empires
European plantation system in the Caribbean and the Americas destroyed indigenous economics and damaged the environment.

12. Food for Thought Before the Columbian Exchange, there were
no oranges in Florida
no bananas in Ecuador
no paprika in Hungary
no tomatoes in Italy
no pineapples in Hawaii
no cattle in Texas
no chile peppers in Thailand and India
no cigarettes in France
no chocolate in Switzerland

13. Triangular Trade
Trade routes that linked the Americas, Europe, Africa, and the West Indies
Sea routes formed a triangle

14. Origins of the Slave Trade
Slavery historically existed in many parts of the world
Spread of Islam into Africa increased slavery there
Slaves often had legal rights and some social mobility
Slavery in Africa was not hereditary; children were considered free

15. Atlantic Slave Trade
The Atlantic slave trade formed one part of a three-legged trade network know as the triangular trade.

16. Atlantic Slave Trade
The Atlantic slave trade was started in the 1500s to fill the need for labor in Spain’s American empire.
Each year, traders shipped tens of thousands of enslaved Africans across the Atlantic to work on tobacco and sugar plantations in the Americas.

17. Origins of the Atlantic Slave Trade
European landowners needed a large supply of workers on American plantations

18. Origins of the Atlantic Slave Trade
Spanish attempts to use Native Americans as laborers were not successful
Large death rate due to disease and overwork
Bartolome de la Casas convinces Spanish to stop using Native Americans
English use of Indentured Servants was expensive
People who worked for a set period in exchange for passage to the Americas

19. Origins of the Atlantic Slave Trade
Europeans began buying large numbers of Africans to fill labor shortages in Americas
Most slaves came from coast of West Africa
Were supplied by African rulers in exchange for guns or trade goods
Kidnapped by Europeans on slave raids

20. Atlantic Slave Trade
Europeans relied on African rulers and traders to seize captives in the interior and bring them to coastal trade posts and fortresses.
The slave trade intensified as the demand for slaves increased in the Americas and the demand for luxury goods increased in Africa.

21. Destinations of Enslaved Africans
What country imported the most slaves?
Which imported the fewest?

22. The Middle Passage
Hundreds of men, women and children crammed on one vessel
“Floating Coffins”
Dying from disease or brutal mistreatment
Few of the Africans who resisted lived to see the end of their journey

23. The slave ship Brookes with 482 people packed onto the decks.

24. Africans were crowded and chained cruelly aboard slave ships.

25. Interior of a Slave Ship, a woodcut illustration from the publication, A History of the Amistad Captives, reveals how hundreds of slaves could be held within a slave ship. Tightly packed and confined in an area with just barely enough room to sit up, slaves were known to die from a lack of breathable air.

26. Impact of the Slave Trade
By the 1800s, an estimated 11 million enslaved Africans had reached the Americas. Another 2 million probably died during the Middle Passage.
The slave trade caused the decline of some African states. The loss of countless numbers of young women and men resulted in some small states disappearing forever.
New African states arose whose way of life depended on the slave trade. The rulers of these new states waged war against other Africans in order to gain control of the slave trade in their region.

27. Impact of the Slave Trade
Economically, the Africans were excellent workers in the fields and they were good metal workers, so they were able to grow more crops and made more money
Culturally, the Africans kept their music, languages, some religious beliefs, dance, recipes for foods, etc…Now, Latin America is a true blend of the Spanish, Native American, and African cultures.

28. By the 1600s Portugal, Spain, France, Holland, and England were involved in the trans-Atlantic slave trade.
Most captured Africans were taken to colonies in the Caribbean and South America, then to North America. Only a small percentage came directly to the North American colonies

29. Effects of the Slave Trade
Labor of African slaves helped build the economies of American colonies
People of African descent spread through the Americas and Western Europe
Led to the diffusion of African culture

30. Effects of the Slave Trade
Millions of Africans were sent to the Americas
Importation of slaves into the U.S. ended in 1807

31. Closure
Where did most slaves involved in the Atlantic slave trade come from?
What was the Middle Passage?
What was triangular trade?