1. Industrialization and Immigration

2. Industry and Mechanization
Standard parts
Mass production
Routine labor
Low wages
Technology

3. Corporations Andrew Carnegie U.S. Steel (1870s)
John D. Rockefeller Standard Oil (1880s)
J.P. Morgan
Finance, Railroad,
U.S. Steel (1900s)

4. Standard Oil

5. Railroad 1870s

6. Railroad 1890s

7. Social Darwinism and Laissez Faire
Theory of capitalism
“Free markets” = no government
intervention
Consumer demand
Competition creates innovation
and keeps prices low

8. Inventions Bessemer Process – creates stronger steel
Pressure sealed tin cans
Alternating currents – Nikola Tesla
Technology begins to replace workers

10. Urbanization Manufacturing brought people into the cities
Industrialization = Growth in cities
Technological advances: sewage, elevators, piped water, electricity, subways, electric streetcar (1888)

11. City Life Fast growing Few social services or regulations
Tenement buildings – horrible living conditions
Ethnically organized – usually by areas of town or neighborhoods

12. Tenement Housing

13. Immigration Why did people leave their homes?
What were the costs and benefits of moving?

14. Ellis Island
By 1892, most immigrants were screened and processed at Ellis Island
By 1900, 50% of immigrants were from Eastern and Southern Europe

15. Angel Island

16. Industrialization Immigration

17. Why did they come to the U.S.?
Political and religious freedom
Better economic opportunities
Gold Rush
Encouraging letters from relatives
U.S. Government advertisements
U.S. business recruitment

18. Immigration and National Culture
Between 1870 – 1910 = 20 million immigrants came to America
Bringing with them new cultures (foods, religions, traditions, languages, etc.)
Assimilation: We wanted immigrants to forget their old way of life and become AMERICANS.
We even offered Americanization schools teaching English and American Culture

19. Nativism

20. Closure Give 3 examples of Industrialization and Mechanization.
Who were the big three corporate leaders? What were they each the leader of?
What effect did industrialization have on cities?
What were the two ports immigrants came through?
What is assimilation?
Write a paragraph explaining the Nativist political cartoon.