1. Warm-Up: 16.December.2014 -Turn in any missing work.
-Have the Post-WW2 questions (88 questions) out (if you were absent, grab the 3 items from yesterday on the back desk, incl. the crossword).
-Warm-Up: Complete the crossword. Copy the words for your word bank below.
Bay of Pigs Iron Curtain France
Berlin Wall Thirty-Eighth Soviet Union
Warsaw Marshall Korean
Truman NATO Potsdam
Kent State Nixon Blockade
Cuba My Lai
Containment Air Lift

2. POST-WWII TO PRESENT DAY
THE MIDDLE EAST

3. Egypt not fully independent – British troops occupied the Suez Canal
As a result, Abdul Nasser seizes power in a military coup in 1952
Nasser seizes the Suez Canal, which was owned by an international company controlled by Britain and France
Great Britain, France, and Israel attack Egypt
The Soviet Union threatens to come to the aid of Egypt and the U.S. pressures Britain, France, and Israel to withdraw from Egypt
Nasser promotes Pan-Arabism = Arab unity
Wants to unite the Arab world, works hard to destroy Israel

4. In 1948 the United Nations creates the Jewish state of Israel
The problem is that Palestinians already live there, Arab neighbors see this as a betrayal, especially Egypt
The next day several Arab nations invade, however the invasion fails – the first Arab-Israeli war
They still refuse to recognize Israel’s right to exist

5. Massacre at the Munich Olympics in 1972
Six Day War (1967)
Egypt blockades Israel, and fearing an attack, Israel strikes first
Israel breaks through the blockade and seizes new territory
Sinai Peninsula, West Bank, Golan Heights, Gaza Strip, and occupies Jerusalem
Israel triples its size, some Arab nations still want their land returned
Massacre at the Munich Olympics in 1972
Terrorists seize eleven Israeli Olympians, two are killed immediately
The other nine die with several terrorists in a shoot out at the airport

6. OPEC formed in 1960 = the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries
Increase prices when upset about Western foreign policy in the Middle East
Yom Kippur War (1973)
Egypt and Syria launch a surprise attack against Israel on a Jewish holy day
In the beginning the Arab force was able to make gains
The Israelis are able to push back the invading force with U.S. support
Arab members of OPEC place an oil embargo on countries supporting Israel

7. Camp David Accords (1978) Palestinian Unrest
President Carter meets with Anwar Sadat of Egypt and Prime Minister Begin of Israel
They sign the Camp David Accords, a peace treaty that ends the state of war between them
Egypt recognizes Israel and Israel returns the Sinai Peninsula
Both Sadat and Begin are later assassinated
Palestinian Unrest
PLO = Palestine Liberation Organization, formed 1964
Pledge to destroy Israel and replace it with a Palestinian state
Led by Yasser Arafat, launches attacks against Israel

8. Intifada = rebellion based on resentment of Israeli occupation (1987)
Palestinian youths battle Israeli troops in widespread street violence
Fighting continues until the early 1990s
Oslo Accords (1993) = Arafat and Israeli prime minister Rabin negotiate an agreement to end the violence
Called for Palestinians to gradually gain control over governing the West Bank and Gaza
Peace undermined - militant group Hamas launches suicide bombings in Israel and an Israeli religious fanatic assassinates Rabin

9. Revolution in Iran and hostage crisis (1979)
A second intifada began in 2000, with Hamas sending suicide bombers into Israel and Israel responding by sending troops in the West Bank and Gaza
Revolution in Iran and hostage crisis (1979)
Iran had been the chief ally of the U.S. in the Middle East
However many Muslims view the new Iranian civilization as being based on greed and materialism and too western, which they blamed as American influence
Ayatollah Khomeini leads a revolution, overthrows the gov’t, and sets up an Islamic republic
Enforced strict religious and social laws, anti-Western foreign policy

10. The shah goes to the U.S. for medical treatment, angers the Iranians
52 Americans are then seized in Tehran from the U.S. embassy and held hostage for over a year
They are released the day Reagan becomes president
Iran-Iraq War ( )
Iran = Shiites, Iran = Sunnis
Saddam Hussein invades Iran for territory
Due to border disputes and Iran’s new gov’t calling for revolution among Iraq’s Shiite population
Uses poison gas and children to clear minefields

11. Persian Gulf War (1990) Current war in Iraq
Iraq invades Kuwait for its oil fields
Desert Storm – U.S. leads an international force that frees Kuwait
Iraq must destroy its chemical weapons
Current war in Iraq
U.S. calls for invasion because Iraq is suspected of having chemical weapons
War starts in March 2003, ends?
Saddam Hussein is removed from power and executed
Currently there have been ______ deaths and ______ wounded

12. Rise of Islamic fundamentalism
Afghanistan invaded by the U.S. in 2001 after being accused of sheltering Osama bin Laden and al-Qaeda
The Taliban gov’t collapses, American forces still fighting there
Rise of Islamic fundamentalism
Movement to reorder gov’t and society according to Islamic laws
Islamists believe that Muslim countries have strayed from the true path of Islam by following Western influences
Islamic militants/extremists use violence to try and bring about changes
Goal is to remove all Western influence in Muslim nations