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Mendel and Inheritance of Traits Notes

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1 Mendel and Inheritance of Traits Notes

2 traits offspring genes
Heredity: passing of _______ from parent to ___________ ● Trait: ________________ that an organism can pass to its offspring through _______. traits offspring characteristic genes

3 2) Genetics: the study of how traits are ___________ through the actions of alleles
inherited

4 3) Gregor Mendel: the _______ of modern genetics
Used ____ _______ to study how traits are passed from parents to offspring father pea plants

5 First Experiment: Crossed purebred ____ plants with purebred _______ plants
tall short This plant is purebred tall. This plant is purebred short.

6 Results: _____- generation were ___ ____ plants (no short)
first all tall

7 self Second Experiment: first-generation ____ plants _____- pollinate
tall self

8 second tall short three tall one short 1 2 3 1
Results: _________- generation plants were _____ and _______ There were _______ _____ plants for every _____ _______ plant (a 3:1 ratio). second tall short three tall one short 1 2 3 1

9 predict traits dominant
Determined we can _________ _______ of offspring based on the parents’ traits Figured out ___________ and recessive alleles predict traits dominant dominant recessive

10 chromosome 4) Gene: section of DNA on a
________________ that directs the making of a specific ________ . chromosome protein Each gene codes for 1 protein

11 An organism’s genes are inherited from its _________.
parents

12 5) Allele: the different forms a ______ may have for a trait
gene

13 Alleles can be ___________ or ___________ dominant recessive
Dominant alleles Recessive alleles

14 Dominant: ________ up or masks the ___________
Dominant: ________ up or masks the ___________. We only see the dominant trait. Use _________ letters to represent dominant traits. Ex: T or P covers recessive capital

15 *Both parents recessive alleles are hidden by the dominant.
Recessive: ________ by the dominant allele. We only see if ______ ________ for the trait are ___________. hidden both alleles recessive *Both parents recessive alleles are hidden by the dominant. Use _______ case letters to represent recessive traits Ex: t or p lower CF=cystic fibrosis

16 6) Genotype: the genetic __________ of an organism (its alleles)
It is written with letters such as ___ or ___ or ___ make-up TT Tt tt

17 tt TT Homozygous: having two ________ that are the _______ for a trait
Example: ___ or ___ alleles same TT tt

18 Tt Heterozygous: having two __________ alleles for a trait different
Example: ___ different Tt

19 Dominant Genes Recessive Genes Genotype: AA or Aa Genotype: aa

20 7) Phenotype: the __________ expression of a particular ___________
It is what a ______ looks like Example: blue eyes, _____ _________, tall plants, etc. physical genotype trait red flowers

21 Phenotype: Brown/Black Phenotype: White/Yellow
Dominant Genes Recessive Genes Genotype: AA or Aa Genotype: aa Phenotype: Brown/Black Phenotype: White/Yellow

22 shows alleles combine 8) Punnett Squares:
A Punnett square ________ how the parents’ ________ might ___________ in offspring. shows alleles combine

23 top one parent’s alleles side second alleles
The ____ of the square shows _____ __________ ________ for the trait. The ______ of the square shows the _________ parent’s ________ for the trait. top one parent’s alleles side second alleles

24 box alleles combine offspring
Each _____ shows one way the ________ might ___________ in potential ___________. box alleles combine offspring

25 T T T t t t T T T t t t Let’s try some Punnett squares! Ex.1:
A heterozygous tall plant (Tt) is crossed with another heterozygous tall plant (Tt). T T T t t t Next we fill in the Punnett square. T T T tall tall What would the offspring look like? t t t tall short

26 T T T T T T T T T t t t Now it’s your turn! Ex.2:
A homozygous tall plant (TT) is crossed with a heterozygous tall plant (Tt). T T T T T T Now fill in the Punnett square. T T T tall tall What would the offspring look like? t t t tall tall

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