1. The Respiratory System Chapter 13

2. Function of The System
Brings oxygen into the body through the inhalation process and removes waste through exhalation

4. https://youtu.be/XTMYSGXhJ4E

6. The Flow Of Air
Air enters the respiratory system through the oral and nasal cavities>
Pharynx >larynx >trachea
L and R bronchi
Bronchioles>
Alveoli>
Capillaries (in the walls of the alveoli) where the O2, CO2 exchange takes place

7. Methods To Evaluate the system
Respirations…
Rate: varies with age and gender and activity
Infants bpm
Children 20 bpm
Adults bpm
Rythym: should be a regular rythym
Eupnea= Normal respirations
Dyspnea= Painful or difficult respirations
Tachypnea= Fast respirations
Bradypnea= Slow respirations
Apnea= Lack of respirations

8. Methods To Evaluate the System Cont…
Sounds: Should be dry and clear
Abnormal sounds:
Rales-Crackles
Ronchi-Wheezes
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9. Methods To Evaluate the System Cont…
Lung Capacity: The amount of air that can be brought into the lungs. Depends on age and physical condition…
Pulse Oximetry : Tests the % of oxygen in the blood. 95% or more is normal
ABG: Arterial Blood Gas measures the amount of O2 and CO2 in the arterial blood as well as the ph level

10. X-RAY
Normal
Pneumonia
Cystic Fibrosis Tumor(Cancer)
Normal X-Ray

11. Methods To Evaluate the System Cont…
Bronchoscopy
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12. Common Reasons For a Bronchoscopy
Biopsy, for suspected lung CA
Hemoptysis
Foreign object in the airway
Cough that has lasted more than 3 months without any other explanation
Infections in the lungs and bronchi that need a culture
Remove fluid or mucus plugs
Widen (dilate) an airway
Drain an abscess

13. Pulmonary Angio
Angiography to visualize and or repair the vascular system within the lungs…
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14. Incentive Spirometer
An IS is a device used to help keep your lungs healthy after surgery or when you have an illness, such as pneumonia.

15. Peak flow meter is a tool to monitor the effectiveness of the lungs
Peak Lung Capacity….
Peak flow meter is a tool to monitor the effectiveness of the lungs

16. Use the incentive spirometers… Measure your peak lung capacity…

17. Diseases of the Respiratory System

18. ASTHMA
A condition marked by inflammation & constriction of the bronchioles
Symptoms: coughing, wheezing, tightness in the chest, & SOB
Asthma attack
May result from exposure to an allergen, cold temperature, exercise, or emotion
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21. Pneumonia
Inflammation of one or both lungs. Can be caused by infection of bacteria, viruses, and fungi, chemical inhalation or trauma
Symptoms:
Fever
Chills
Cough with phlegm that doesn't improve
SOB
Chest pain when breathing
Recent cold or flu
Treatment:
Antibiotics, antifungal, IS, inhalers chest tubes etc…

22. Infection in the bronchi, can lead to pneumonia if left untreated…
Bronchitis
Infection in the bronchi, can lead to pneumonia if left untreated…

23. Emphysema Causes: Treatments:
A condition in which the aveoli become damaged and do not exchange gases well
Causes:
Long term exposure to cigarette or marijuana smoke
Air Pollutants
Treatments:
Cessation of smoking/exposure to pollutant
Bronchodilators
Steroids
Lobectomy
Transplant
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24. COPD https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I6_gCnk4DR4
Umbrella term which includes:
Chronic Bronchitis
Emphysema
Asthma CF
Causes:
The above diseases
Tobacco smoke
Dust
Chemical or pollution exposure
Age
Genetics
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25. Pneumothorax A collapsed lung: Causes: Symptoms:
Occurs when air leaks into the pleural space between your lung and chest wall.
Causes:
Blunt or penetrating injury, including thoracic surgery,
Damage from underlying lung disease.
Spontaneous
Symptoms:
Sudden chest pain and shortness of breath.

26. https://youtu.be/0O9uqOXjaUc

27. Disorders of the Respiratory System (Continued)
Tuberculosis
Caused by bacteria that are difficult to destroy, and it can be transmitted through the air ..was once the leading cause of death in the US
Healthcare workers the elderly and immune compromised populations are most at risk

28. Disorders of the Respiratory System (Continued)
Cystic fibrosis
A genetic disorder excess mucus production, affects the lungs and other organs

29. Respiratory Therapy Education
Community college, and university programs 2-4 years
Must be licensed in all states but Alaska and Hawaii

30. Duties Of
Breathing
Treatments

31. Duties of an RT Ventilator Management Assist with Intubation
Blood Gas Analysis
Administration of Oxygen

32. RT Duties Cont. Ambu bag- Mechanical breathing Incentive spirometry
Slow deep breaths to
increase lung volume
and prevent pneumonia