1. Module 52 & 53
Therapies

2. 2) Psychotherapeutic (Talk Therapy) 3) Biomedical Therapy
Psychotherapy
Types of Therapy
1) Behavioral Therapy
2) Psychotherapeutic (Talk Therapy)
3) Biomedical Therapy
Eclectic Psychotherapy—drawing on techniques from different forms of therapy, depending on the client and the problem. Pragmatic – use what evidence has shown to work.
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3. This chart shows the percentage of psychologists (from among 1,000 members
of the American Psychological Association’s Division of Psychotherapy) who have various primary psychotherapy orientations.
Click to reveal second bullet and chart.
According to the same survey on which this figure is based, approximately 75 percent of the therapy conducted is individual therapy, with the rest either group, couples, and family.
Tell your students to note all the styles from which psychotherapists with an eclectic approach may choose to adopt.
APA Learning Goal 1: Knowledge Base of Psychology
In conjunction with this slide, you may wish to show students the Flash-based interactive demonstration Some Models of Therapy from ActivePsych. Click on the ActivePsych button on this slide to show it during your lecture.

4. Classical Conditioning – e.g., Bell and Pad Treatment
Behavioral Therapies
“Behavior centered”
Classical Conditioning – e.g., Bell and Pad
Treatment
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5. Systematic Desensitization - learn inhibiting response (relaxation)
Counter Conditioning
e.g., Exposure Therapy
Flooding (exposing person to high levels of feared or avoided stimuli) often backfires
Systematic Desensitization
- learn inhibiting response (relaxation)
- progressively image feared situations
while relaxed.
- very effective treatment for
phobias.
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6. Aversion Conditioning e.g., antabuse
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7. Operant Conditioning (Behavioral Modification)
Rewarding desired behaviors while ignoring or punishing undesired behaviors.
- shaping (scaffolding)
- token Economies
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8. 1) Psychoanalysis “insight oriented” Catharsis Transference Resistance
Talk Therapies
1) Psychoanalysis “insight oriented”
Catharsis
Transference
Resistance
Evaluation
- costly & time consuming
- based on a questionable theory
patients need to be highly verbal,
educated and intelligent
- limited application
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9. When would false memories be Created? Hypnosis Repetition Authority
Explanation of current symptoms
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10. "Loftus (1997) reviewed 30 cases selected at random from 670 claims submitted to the Washington Victims Compensation Program. Twenty-six had 'recovered' a memory of
abuse through therapy. All 30 were still in therapy after three years, 18 for more than five years. After treatment 20 were suicidal compared with three before treatment began, 11 were hospitalized (cf. two before treatment), eight engaged in self-mutilation (cf. one before) and marriage break-up occurred in almost all. It appears that in these cases, recovery and abreaction had serious adverse effects." -- Sydney Brandon, M.D., et al, "Recovered memories of childhood sexual abuse: implications for clinical practice," British Journal of Psychiatry, April 98, p.
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11. Short Term Psychodynamic Therapies - focus on the present
- very directive
e.g., Unresolved grief
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12. “Client-centered Insight Therapy” Non-directive
2) Humanist Therapies
“Client-centered Insight Therapy”
Non-directive
- Client figures out what is wrong,
Therapists Role -acts as a sounding board
- genuine
- unconditional positive regard (acceptance)
- empathetic
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13. Active Listening and Reflecting back
Techniques
Active Listening and Reflecting back
- Therapist restates what the client says.
Paraphrase
invite clarification
reflect feelings
Evaluation of Humanist Theories
- shorter term and less costly
- requires verbal ability
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14. 3) Cognitive Learning Therapies
Rational-Emotive Behavioral Therapy (Albert Ellis)
Help Client identify and deal with irrational thoughts
(Stinking Thinking)
Musturbation -
e.g., I must get an A in this class.
Everyone must like me.
Catastrophising -
e.g., If I don’t get an A I will be a failure for life.
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15. B - Belief triggered when the event occurs C - Emotional Consequences
ABC theory of Emotions
A - Activating event
B - Belief triggered when the event occurs
C - Emotional Consequences
belief is the source of the problem.
Techniques
examination of beliefs
directive
- writing exercises
- self-talk
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16. Beck’s Cognitive Therapy (CT)\ distorted thinking unrealistic beliefs
Challenge them empirically.
e.g., No one cares about me.
Challenge them to call friends and family
to see if that is true.
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17. Family Systems Therapy Communication Behavioral Contracts
Group Therapy
- therapist led
Self-Help Groups
- peer led
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18. Evaluating Psychotherapies
Module 53
Evaluating Psychotherapies
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19. Spontaneous Remission - 65% (Eysenck) Meta-Analysis
Does Therapy Work?
Spontaneous Remission - 65% (Eysenck)
Meta-Analysis
Average person in therapy shows better improvement than 80% of persons with similar problems who are not in therapy.
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20. Does one Therapy work better than another?
No. -- but some work better for some problems
Non-specific Factors
1) Hope
2) New perspective (support and explanation)
3) Empathic, trusting, caring relationship
4) Commitment to change
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21. - draws from all therapeutic techniques - tailored to problem type
Eclectism – pragmatic
- draws from all therapeutic techniques
- tailored to problem type
- tailored to client type
Evidence Based Practice.
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22. Alternative therapies
Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR)
Does it work?
Specific traumas (84% success)
Why ??
- perhaps just systematic desensitization.
- Placebo effect?
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