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Gender differences in patients with arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia/cardiomyopathy: Clinical manifestations, electrophysiological properties, substrate characteristics, and prognosis of radiofrequency catheter ablation Chin-Yu Lin, Fa-Po Chung, Yenn-Jiang Lin, Shih-Lin Chang, Li-Wei Lo, Yu-Feng Hu, Ta-Chuan Tuan, Tze-Fan Chao, Jo-Nan Liao, Yao- Ting Chang, Yun-Yu Chen, Rohit Walia, Abigail Louise D. Te, Shinya Yamada, Shih-Ann Chen International Journal of Cardiology Volume 227, Pages (January 2017) DOI: /j.ijcard Copyright © 2016 The Authors Terms and Conditions
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Fig. 1 Scatter plots of endocardial and epicardial electrograms and histograms of late potentials in ARVD/C. (A and B) Scatter plots of duration between the latest activation of electrograms and the offset of QRS (ms) vs. bipolar voltage (mV) endocardially and epicardially. Male patients with ARVD/C had more endocardial and epicardial LPs recorded. (C and D) Scatter plots of late potential (LP) versus electrogram duration endocardially (C) and epicardially (D). A steeper slope in LP vs. electrogram duration is shown in men compared with that in women, especially for endocardium. (C) Linear regression: y=0.777× in male, y= × ; (D) linear regression: y=0.893× in male, y=0.569× (E) Histograms of LPs within different voltages in ARVD/C demonstrate more overall points with LPs (left panel), endocardial LPs (middle panel), and epicardial LPs (right panel) in men than in women. *p<0.05, **p<0.001. ARVD/C, arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia/cardiomyopathy; LP, late potential. International Journal of Cardiology , DOI: ( /j.ijcard ) Copyright © 2016 The Authors Terms and Conditions
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Fig. 2 Characteristics of late potentials in male and female patients with ARVD/C. Late potentials (LPs) in male patients displayed a longer delay after the offset of QRS and longer local ventricular activation durations endocardially and epicardially. See text for details. *p<0.001. ARVD/C, arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia/cardiomyopathy; LP, late potential. International Journal of Cardiology , DOI: ( /j.ijcard ) Copyright © 2016 The Authors Terms and Conditions
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Fig. 3 Endocardial and epicardial substrates and electrograms in patients with ARVD/C. Epicardial and endocardial voltage mapping (upper) and late potential mapping (lower) of a 34-year-old male patient with ARVD/C with VT/VF (A and B) and a 37-year-old female patient with ARVD/C with nonsustained VT (C and D). Electroanatomical mapping showed larger epicardial and endocardial areas with LPs in male patients with ARVD/C than those in female patients. The corresponding electrograms are shown in the left panel. ARVD/C, arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia/cardiomyopathy; VT, ventricular tachycardia; VF, ventricular fibrillation. International Journal of Cardiology , DOI: ( /j.ijcard ) Copyright © 2016 The Authors Terms and Conditions
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Fig. 4 Kaplan–Meier curves of ventricular arrhythmia recurrence-free survival. (A) Kaplan–Meier curve of overall recurrences of ventricular arrhythmias VAs; (B) recurrences of sustained VT/VF; (C) recurrences of nonsustained VT in male and female patients with ARVD/C. ARVD/C, arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia/cardiomyopathy; VA, ventricular arrhythmia; VT, ventricular tachycardia; VF, ventricular fibrillation. International Journal of Cardiology , DOI: ( /j.ijcard ) Copyright © 2016 The Authors Terms and Conditions
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