1. Sheffield Hallam University by K S Ho (SCOPE)
Research Methods (HK) Phase One Lecture 5 Analysis of Qualitative Data
Sheffield Hallam University by K S Ho (SCOPE)

2. Analysis of Qualitative Data
Comparing Methods of Data Analysis
Similarities
Adequacy of data collected
Make accessible to others what the researcher did
Compare features of the evidence
Avoid errors, false conclusion & misleading inferences

3. Differences Quantitative data analysis: specialized & standardized
Qualitative data analysis: less standardized
Quantitative data analysis: after data collection
Qualitative data analysis: early in a research
Quantitative data analysis: hypothesis testing
Qualitative data analysis: concepts & theory construction
Quantitative data analysis: numbers
Qualitative data analysis: words

4. Qualitative analysis: methods for examining social research data without converting them into a numerical format
I. Discovering patterns
II. Grounded theory method
III. Semiotics
IV. Conversation analysis

5. I. Discovering patterns
Six ways of looking for patterns (John & Lyn Lofland 1995):
Frequencies
Magnitude
Structure
Process
Causes
Consequences

6. II. Grounded theory method (GTM)
Firstly developed by Barney Glaser and Anselm Strauss (1967)
Four stages:
Comparing incidents applicable to each categories
Integrating categories and their properties
Delimiting the theory
Writing theory

7. III. Semiotics
Semiotics is commonly defined as the “science of signs” and has to do with symbols and meanings.
SIGN MEANING
1. Poinsettia a. Good luck
2. Horseshoe b. First prize
3. Blue ribbon c. Christmas

8. IV. Conversation analysis
To uncover the implicit assumptions and structure in social life through an extremely close scrutiny if the way we converse with one another.
e.g. interviewaudio recordingstranscriptions
coding and analytic induction

9. Qualitative Data Processing
Coding
Memoing
Concept Mapping

10. Coding: classifying or categorizing individual pieces of data
Coding units
E.g. Earl Babbie (2010)
sentences, paragraphs, chapters or whole books
E.g. Bruce L. Berg (2014)
words, themes, characters, paragraphs, items, concepts, semantics

11. Memoing
Writing memos or notes to yourself and others involved in the project.
Code notes
Theoretical notes
Operational notes

12. Concept Mapping
Relationships among concepts in a graphical format.

14. Example of Analysis Cultural explanation (Cheng 1994)
Institutional explanation (Ho 1999)
Rational action theory RAT (Ho 1999)

15. Typology of Parent Involvement
School based
involvement
Family based involvement
Complete involvement +
Traditional involvement -
Spurious involvement
+: involvement
-: no involvement

16. References:
Berg, Bruce L Qualitative Research Methods for the Social Sciences. Boston: Allyn & Bacon. (H61.B ) 
Lichtman, Marilyn Qualitative Research for the Social Sciences. Thousand Oaks, California : SAGE (H62.L ) 
Ritchie, Jane Qualitative Research Practice: a guide for social science students and researchers. Los Angeles, California : SAGE (H62.Q ) 
Scott, Greg and Roberta Garner Doing Qualitative Research: designs, methods, and techniques. Upper Saddle River, N. J.: Pearson Education. (H62.G )