1. Japan’s Interaction with Foreign Religions
CHY4U
Unit 1, Activity 3

2. Past Conflict Onin Wars + Warring States Period Instability
What do people usually want after a period of instability?

3. Unification Under Tokugawas
Stability desired
Tokugawa Shogunate ( )
AKA Bakufu
Toyotomi Hideyoshi (1537 – 1598)
Tokugawa Ieyasu ( )
Tokugawa Iemitsu ( )
Hideyoshi, 1601 portrait

4. Hierarchy Tokugawa shoguns centralized feudalism*
*Feudalism was a land-holding system – daimyo were military officials who controlled land, peasants (vassals) worked the land.
Daimyo could be vassals too, of the shogun.
The peasants fed the samurai.
Emperor (figurehead only)
Shogun (ruler = tries to control lords)
Daimyo (lords = landowners, rooted in military control)
Samurai (fighters)
Peasants, Artisans, Merchants
Elisabeth Gaynor Ellis and Anthony Esler, World History: Connections to Today (Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 2001), 327.

5. Tolerance and Co-Existence
Shinto (indigenous to Japan) + Buddhism (from China in the 500s) Confucianism (from China to Korea to Japan the 500s) … here comes Christianity with the missionaries
Japanese torii (gate) reflects Shintoism
World Atlas, Shinto: Japanese Religions, accessed Sept. 15, 2017,

6. Confucianism A philosophy that emphasizes order and stability
Family unit is central
Learning is very important to make people into good humans
Emphasizes social “glue” that holds society together in an orderly, moderate way
Not a religion
Five key relationships emphasize social harmony yet deference: ruler to subject, father to son, husband to wife, elder to younger, and friend to friend. 

7. Buddhism Most powerful of the 3 religions during Tokugawa
There were 3 sects (divisions)
Different classes preferred different sects
The Buddhist clerics (officials) were powerful
Funeral rituals were traditionally Buddhist, no matter if a person also believed in Shinto and followed Confucianism
Shelton Woods, Japan Society, About Japan: A Teacher’s Resource, Religion in Tokugawa Japan, accessed Feb. 10, 2019,

8. Welcome? Europeans Explorers Merchants Missionaries Jesuits
They were an order of missionaries established by the Catholic Church to spread Christianity to other parts of the world (Counter-Reformation)
They were well-educated and somewhat Humanist
They tried to convert Daimyo
Later, Franciscan missionaries wanted Japanese converts to be exclusively Christian; they focused on the ordinary people
Nanban, southern barbarians
Wikipedia, NanbanTrade, July 16, 2017,

9. Changes in Relations
How did the Japanese attitude toward outsiders change during the period between 1453 and the 1630s?
In what order were things banned?
What role did the San Felipe incident play? (1596)
What role did the Shimabara Massacre play? ( )
Were the Shoguns’ motivations for the edicts based on:
Fear of Christianity threatening traditional Japanese values?
Hatred for foreigners?
Hatred for Christian Japanese?
Power for themselves?

10. 1587 Edict, part 1

11. 1587 Edict, part 2

12. Cause and Consequence Activity
Sort the points on the list into a chart.
Causes
Consequences

13. Test Your Understanding: Order of Edicts
Which of the following edicts came first (chronologically)?
Why do you think this?

14. ? Closed Country Edict
1. Japanese ships are strictly forbidden to leave for foreign countries. 
2. No Japanese is permitted to go abroad. If there is anyone who attempts to do so secretly, he must be executed....
3. If any Japanese returns from overseas after residing there, he must be put to death. 
8. All incoming ships must be carefully searched for the followers of padres. 

15. ? Exclusion of the Portuguese
1. The matter relating to the proscription (limitations) of Christianity is known (to the Portuguese). However, heretofore they have secretly transported those who are going to propagate (spread) that religion.
3. While those who believe in the preaching of padres are in hiding, there are incidents in which that country (Portugal) has sent gifts to them for their sustenance (survival). 
In view of the above, hereafter entry by the Portuguese galeota (ships) is forbidden. If they insist on coming (to Japan), the ships must be destroyed and anyone aboard those ships must be beheaded....

16. Vocabulary of Causes and Consequences
Directly/indirectly led to
Created conditions for
Was an underlying cause of
Pushed
Pulled
Contributed to
Originated
Resulted in
Created
Ended up with
Established
Set up