1. Joints and Movement

2. Joints
When two or more bones come together
Allow the body to move

3. Ligaments
Tough, connective tissue
Connects bone to bone

4. Tendons
Cordlike structures that attach bones to muscles

5. Types of Joints

6. Fibrous Joints
Held together by short connective strands
Immobile

7. Cartilaginous Joints
Held together by cartilage
Slightly movable

8. Synovial Joints
Connected by a joint cavity filled with synovial fluid and lined with a synovial membrane
Freely moving

9. Types of Synovial Joints
Pivot Joints: Can only rotate
Found in your neck

10. Types of Synovial Joints
Ball and Socket Joints: Can move in all directions including rotation
Found in your shoulders and hips

11. Types of Synovial Joints
Hinge Joints: Can either open or close
Found in your knees and elbows

12. Types of Synovial Joints
Gliding Joints
Flat, slightly curved, plate like bones
Can only side back and forth
Found in your wrists and ankles

13. Types of Synovial Joints
Saddle Joints
One bone shaped like a saddle and another similar to a horse’s back
Rock up and down and side to side
Found in the base of your thumb

14. Types of Synovial Joints
Condyloid Joints and Ellipsoidal Joints
Oddly shaped convex bones fitting into concave bones
Can move in any direction, but cannot rotate
Found in the knuckles of your fingers and wrists

15. Movement Classification

16. Flexion
When a joint is bent, decreasing the angle

17. Extension
Straightening a joint so the angle between the bones increases

18. Plantar Flexion
When the toes are pointed

19. Dorsiflexion
When the foot is bent upward toward the leg

20. Hyperextension
When a joint is forced to straighten beyond its normal limits

21. Abduction
To move away from the bodies midline

22. Adduction
To move toward the midline of the body

23. Supination
The palm of your hand is turned upward

24. Pronation
When the palm of the hand is turned down

25. Protraction
Drawing a part forward

26. Retraction
Drawing a part backwards

27. Rotation
When a bone spins on its axis

28. X-rays in Motion