1. Welcome back
Explain the difference between Reciprocity and Interactional Synchrony
Define attachment
Identify one behavioural characteristic which would evidence attachment
What are demand characteristics?
What is inter-rator (or inter-observer) reliability?
Inter-observer reliability is checked and expressed as a C_________________

2. Answers Reciprocity- two way interaction
Interactional synchrony- mirroring interaction
3. Two way, emotional and enduring bond…. Seeking proximity, distress on seperation, pleasure when reunited, secure based behaviour
4.  demand characteristics- participants form an interpretation of the experiment's purpose and subconsciously change their behavior to fit that interpretation.

3. 5. Inter-observer reliability
The extent to which there is an agreement between two or more observers involved in observations of a behaviour.
So you should always have at least two observers when carrying out an observation
Observations should be consistent (reliable) so observers should produce the same record and a general rule is if there is 80% or above agreement that the data has high inter-observer reliability.
Sometimes inter-observer reliability is expressed as a correlation co-efficient, so here we are looking for a over +.80 for high inter-observer reliability.

4. Today
Review our intro to attachment; Reciprocity and interactional synchrony
Identify Schaffer’s stages of attachment
Evaluate Schaffer’s stages of attachment

5. Supporting Evidence Read the research on page 3
Write on the wallboards how each of the research studies support the existence of reciprocity/intentional synchrony and/ attachment

6. Schaffer’s stages of attachment
You have one minute to review the stages
10 mins
In your group you must draw/ represent the stages on the paper provided without the pack
More able students to think about and draw any relevant evaluation points

7. Handout 1
Schaffer’s stages

8. Schaffer and Emerson (1964)
Methodological issues
A longitudinal study using 60 babies were visited every month for a year
Mothers were interviewed to measure attachment
Observations were conducted to measure stranger and seperation anxiety
Findings
Signs of attachment – 50% by 7 months, 80% by 9 months
30 % displayed multiple attachments
By one year 78% had developed multiple attachments

9. Discussion
This is a stage theory- what are the advantages and disadvantages of this?

10. Group task Discuss your given evaluation point
Write it on the wallboards
Extend the point

11. Schaffer and Emerson’s study was longitudinal…..

12. In some cultures multiple caregivers are the norm…..

13. The stages were developed based on evidence such as schaffer and Emerson’s study….

14. Schaffer and Emerson’s study is based on a limited sample of participants….

15. The stages link to reciprocity and interactional synchrony….

16. The Research is based on observational methodology

17. What does this suggest about attachment and fathers?
Infants showed separation anxiety towards their primary attachment figure which was the biological mother 75% of the time