1. Chapter 7: Demand and Supply
Economics Per. 6

2. The “Marketplace” Demand: Supply: Market:
All consumers have influence on the price of goods and services
How people in the marketplace decide what to buy and at what price
Supply:
How the people who are selling those things decide how much to sell and at what price
Market:
Freely chosen actions between buyers and sellers of goods and services
Individuals decide the answers to WHAT? HOW? And for WHOM?

3. Voluntary Exchange
A buyer and seller use their economic freedom to decide on terms and conditions of an exchange
Supply and Demand is a model of how buyers and sellers operate in the market
Cause and Effect in relation to price

4. Law of Demand
All the different quantities of goods and services that consumers will purchase at different prices
Willingness and ability
“As price goes up, quantity demanded goes down”
“As price goes down, quantity demanded goes up”
Inverse relationship between quantity demanded and price

5. Con’t.
3 Factors are:
1. Real Income Effect
2. Substitution Effect
3. Diminishing Marginal Utility
What does each factor mean and how does it effect the relationship between the quantity demanded and the price of a good or service?

6. The Demand Curve and Elasticity of Demand
Price per CD
Quantity Demanded (millions)
$20
100
$19
200
$18
300
$17
400
$16
500
$15
600
$14
700
$13
800
$12
900
$11
1000
$10
1100

7. Con’t.
Demand Schedule: Table of prices and quantity demanded at that price
Plotting Quantity Demanded: On horizontal axis is the quantity demanded and on the vertical axis is the price
Plot the quantity demanded based on the price in the demand schedule
Demand Curve: The downward sloping line that connects the plotted points from the demand schedule

8. Determinants of Demand
Group Work: You will be divided into 5 groups. Each group will be assigned one of the five determinants of demand:
1. Change in population
2. Change in income
3. Changes in tastes and preferences
4. Substitutes
5. Complementary goods
Each group will tell us what their determinant means and then one member will come up and draw on the board how their determinant will effect the demand curve based on an example you choose.

9. Price Elasticity of Demand
How much consumers respond to a given change in price
Ex. Certain brand of cereal increases in price, consumer will probably buy another brand that is comparable
Inelastic Demand
When a price change does not effect the quantity demanded
3 factors: substitutes, % of a persons total budget devoted to that good, and time consumers are give to adjust to price change
Examples please?

10. Elastic versus Inelastic

11. Law of Supply and Supply Curve
Supply: willingness and ability of producers to provide goods and services at different prices in the market
“As the price rises for a good, the quantity supplied generally rises”
“As the price falls, the quantity supplied also falls”
Direct relationship between price and quantity supplied
The higher the price the greater the incentive for the producer to produce more
Turns higher profits and covers the costs of producing more

12. Supply Curve Price per CD Quantity Supplied (millions) $10 100 $11 200
$12
300
$13
400
$14
500
$15
600
$16
700
$17
800
$18
900
$19
1000
$20
1100

13. Con’t.
Supply Schedule: Table that shows that as the price increases so does the quantity supplied
Plotting Quantity Supplied: On horizontal axis is the quantity supplied and on the vertical axis is the price
Plot the quantity supplied based on the price in the supply schedule
Supply Curve: The upward sloping line that connects the plotted points from the supply schedule

14. Determinants of Supply
Group Work: You will be divided into 4 groups. Each group will be assigned one of the four determinants of supply:
1. Price of Inputs
2. Number of firms in the industry
3. Taxes
4. Technology
Each group will tell us what their determinant means and then one member will come up and draw on the board how their determinant will effect the supply curve based on an example of your choice. You may choose if the supply increases or decreases and you only have to demonstrate one.

15. Law of Diminishing Returns
Adding units of one factor of production to all other factors of production increases total output
But after a certain point, extra output for each additional unit will begin decrease
Ex. If you hire one or two more people to do a job you will increase your output, but adding anymore might begin to decrease your output

16. Supply and Demand Together
Demand and Supply work together
As the price of a good goes down, quantity demanded rises and quantity supplied goes down
Equilibrium price
Where the quantity supplied and thee quantity demanded meet

17. Graph of Equilibrium Price

18. Shift in Equilibrium Price

19. Prices Serve as Signals
Rising prices signal producers to produce more and consumers to consume less, falling prices signal producers to produce less and consumers to purchase more
Shortages: at the current price, quantity demanded is greater than quantity supplied
Surpluses: at prices above the equilibrium price, suppliers produce more than consumers want to purchase
Market Forces: when operating without restriction, it eliminates shortages and surpluses

20. Price Control
Government gets involved in setting prices when it believes that the market forces of supply and demand are operating unfairly
Price Ceiling: a government set maximum that can be charged for goods and services (ex. Rent in NY City)
What role does rationing and the black market play in the economy when the gov’t sets ceilings?
Price floors: a government set minimum that can be charged for goods and services (ex. Minimum wage

21. Price Ceiling

22. Price Floor